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Learning Chapter Review.

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Presentation on theme: "Learning Chapter Review."— Presentation transcript:

1 Learning Chapter Review

2 In Classical Conditioning, the best results occur when the conditioned stimulus is presented a. After the unconditioned stimulus b. At the same time as the unconditioned stimulus c. Alone d. Before the unconditioned stimulus

3 Answer: D Before the unconditioned stimulus

4 Who pioneered research in classical conditioning?
Sigmund Freud Ivan Pavlov Albert Bandura B.F. Skinner

5 Answer: B Ivan Pavlov

6 An unpleasant consequence that decreases the frequency of the response that produced it is called
Negative reinforcement Punishment Classical conditioning Avoidance learning

7 Answer: B Punishment

8 In classical conditioning, the responses that are conditioned are
Voluntary Involuntary Operant imitative

9 Answer: B Involuntary

10 A subject responding to a second stimulus similar to the original CS is an example of
Discrimination Preconditioning Generalization taste

11 Answer: C Generalization

12 A child saying “Daddy” only to his father is an example of
Extinction Discrimination Generalization An unconditioned response

13 Answer: B Discrimination

14 Things that meet people’s needs, such as food, are examples of
Extinction Secondary reinforcers Primary reinforcers shaping

15 Answer: C Primary Reinforcers

16 Spontaneous recovery can occur
When the unconditioned stimulus is extinguished When the conditioned stimulus starts again. After systematic desensitization As a result of latent learning

17 Answer: B When the conditioned stimulus starts again.

18 Which of the following types of learning involves cognitive factors?
Classical conditioning Latent learning Operant conditioning Programming learning.

19 Answer: B Latent Learning

20 Something that produces a response.

21 Answer: Stimulus

22 Form of classical conditioning in which food comes to be avoided.

23 Answer: Taste Aversion

24 Method of teaching complex behaviors by breaking them down into manageable parts.

25 Answer: Shaping

26 Type of schedule in which reinforcement occurs every time the behavior occurs.

27 Answer: Continuous Reinforcement

28 Type of learning that occurs when a person observes and imitates others.

29 Answer: Observational Learning.

30 What psychologist pioneered research on observational learning?

31 Answer: Albert Bandura

32 Through operant conditioning, people learn to control
Voluntary responses Involuntary biological behaviors Unconditioned responses Unconditioned stimuli

33 Answer: A voluntary responses

34 Learned reactions that follow one another in sequence.

35 Answer: Response Chains.

36 Training an organism to remove or terminate an unpleasant stimulus.

37 Answer: Escape Conditioning.

38 Most psychologists suggest that punishment is not the best way to deal with a problem because it
May cause children to learn to hit. May cause children to run away. Does not teach the correct way to act. Does all of the above

39 Answer: D All of the above.

40 Classical or Operant? Because taking exams in the past has always led to failure and humiliation, Sam gets nervous and nauseous whenever the teacher announces that they’re about to take a quiz.

41 Answer: Classical!

42 True or False? Smiles and approval are secondary reinforcers.

43 Answer: False.

44 True or False? Cognitive psychologists view learning as mechanical.

45 Answer: False

46 True or False? The psychologist most closely associated with operant conditioning is Sigmund Freud.

47 Answer: False

48 Schedule of reinforcement in which a behavior is reinforced after a set number of responses. Like when a video store promises a free rental with every 5 paid rentals.

49 What is a Fixed-Ratio?

50 Actions taken which result in something positive being taken away and the behavior is less likely to occur again .

51 Omission Training

52 Type of Reinforcement schedule were reinforcement is given every time the desired behavior occurs.

53 Continuous Reinforcement

54 Operant or Classical? Your father gives you a credit card at the end of your first year in college because you did so well. As a result, your grades continue to get better in your second year.

55 This is Operant Conditioning because school performance is a voluntary behavior. The credit card is a positive reinforcement because it is given and it increases the behavior.

56 Operant or Classical Conditioning?
You eat a new food and then get sick because of the flu. However, you develop a dislike for the food and feel nauseated whenever you smell it.

57 This is an example of Classical Conditioning because nausea is an automatic response.
The flu sickness is the US. The nausea is the UR. The new food is the CS. The nausea to the new food is the CR.


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