Plains Indians -Great Plains or Great American Desert

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Presentation transcript:

Plains Indians -Great Plains or Great American Desert -Nomadic lifestyle -importance of the horse and buffalo -communal living -common use of the tribe’s land -Sioux, Lakota, Cheyenne, Apache, Nez Pierce, Blackfeet

American Interests -Lands given by treaty to Indian groups -California Gold Rush, 1848 -Homestead Act, 1862 -transcontinental railroad building Massacre of the buffalo herds -Central and Union Pacific Railroads -Irish and Chinese Immigrants -Promontory Point, Utah, 1869

American Interests -Lands given by treaty to Indian groups -California Gold Rush, 1848 -Homestead Act, 1862 -transcontinental railroad building Massacre of the buffalo herds -Central and Union Pacific Railroads -Irish and Chinese Immigrants -Promontory Point, Utah, 1869

-Indians forced onto reservations Indian Restrictions -treaties were broken -Indians forced onto reservations -gov’t payment and supplies were not delivered as promised -Indian Uprisings -Dakota Uprising, 1862

-Indians forced onto reservations Indian Restrictions -treaties were broken -Indians forced onto reservations -gov’t payment and supplies were not delivered as promised -Indian Uprisings -Dakota Uprising, 1862

-Massacre at Sand Creek, 1864 Indian Restrictions -Massacre at Sand Creek, 1864 John Chivington leads Army unit in massacre of Cheyenne -Fetterman’s Massacre, 1866 -Fetterman’s small army band crushed by Sitting Bull, Crazy Horse, and Red Cloud’s warriors

-Gold found in the Black Hills of the Dakotas Indian Wars -Gold found in the Black Hills of the Dakotas -Sioux try to defend area promised to them -Army sends George Armstrong Custer -Little Bighorn, 1876 Crazy Horse and Sitting Bull lead warriors as Custer and all his men were killed

-Gold found in the Black Hills of the Dakotas Indian Wars -Gold found in the Black Hills of the Dakotas -Sioux try to defend area promised to them -Army sends George Armstrong Custer -Little Bighorn, 1876 Crazy Horse and Sitting Bull lead warriors as Custer and all his men were killed

-Led by Chief Joseph, they refused to go to reservation Indian Wars -Nez Perce Indians, 1877 -Led by Chief Joseph, they refused to go to reservation -chased by the Army for over 1000 miles until captured -”I will fight no more forever”

Assimilation -”Century of Dishonor” Helen Hunt Jackson -some people supported assimilation of Indians -Dawes Act passed, 1887 160 acres to each family most of land was eventually taken

End of the Indian Lifestyle -assimilation education of Indians to be more like whites -destruction of the buffalo

End of the Indian Lifestyle -assimilation education of Indians to be more like whites -destruction of the buffalo

End of the Indian Lifestyle -Ghost Dance Movement Sioux spiritual dance Dance was outlawed -Wounded Knee, 1890 massacre of several hundred Sioux -Indian era comes to an end