1. Westward Migration and Wars with Native Americans

2. Review
1830s
Indian Removal Act- legal to remove Indians from their land
Worcester v. Georgia (1832)
US Supreme Court says Indians have a right to the land
Trail of Tears
Pres. Andrew Jackson will ignore the court case and forcefully remove Indians onto reservations in Oklahoma

3. Life of the Plains Indians
Introduction of Horse
Introduced by Spanish
Change life of Plains Indians
Greater movement- follow Buffalo herds
Create war among tribes
Buffalo
Indians are nomadic- follow Buffalo herds
Rely on Buffalo for everything
Food, clothing, shelter, tools, weapons

4. Destruction of Buffalo
Westward migration will lead to destruction of Buffalo
Railroad tracks will replace grazing land
Settlers will hunt Buffalo for sport
Lead to ultimate destruction of Indian tribes
Be forced to adapt to new way of life

5. Indian Wars Sand Creek Massacre (1864)
US army (led by Gen. Chivington) attacked and massacred Indians in Colorado
About Indians killed, mainly women and children
“I saw the bodies of those lying there cut all to pieces, worse mutilated than any I ever saw before; the women cut all to pieces ... With knives; scalped; their brains knocked out; children two or three months old; all ages lying there, from sucking infants up to warriors ... By whom were they mutilated? By the United States troops ...” quote by John Smith
Fingers and ears were cut off the bodies for the jewelry they carried. The body of White Antelope, lying solitarily in the creek bed, was a prime target. Besides scalping him the soldiers cut off his nose, ears, and testicles-the last for a tobacco pouch ... Quote by Stan Hoig

6. Battle of Little Bighorn
Most famous Battle- June 25, 1876
Fought in Montana
Indians led by Sitting Bull and Crazy Horse
Combined group of Cheyenne and Sioux Indians
US Army 7th Cavalry- led by General George Custer
Custer and his men will be defeated and completely wiped out by Indians
sitting bull song

7. Sitting
Bull
Crazy
Horse
Gen. Custer

8. Nez Perce and Geronimo Nez Perce Leader: Chief Joseph (1840-1904)
Known as a humanitarian and peace keeper for his tribe
Geronimo:( )
Known as a warrior that didn’t back down.

9. End of Indian Wars ghost dance Battle of Wounded Knee
Fought December 29, 1890
South Dakota
Sioux warriors, women and children slaughtered
Signal end of wars with Plains Indians
Most will be moved to reservations

10. Other Events with Indian Wars
Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA)
First formed in 1820s
Became BIA in 1840s
Be involved in many events to assimilate Indians
Sending children to boarding schools to learn English and culture
Century of Dishonor
Written by Helen Hunt Jackson in 1881
Book will discuss the injustices of the US government toward Indians (show that the US govt. often broke treaties made with Indians)

11. Dawes Act Passed by Congress in 1887
Goal- assimilate Indians into American society
Assimilate means to change (in this case under force) the culture of someone or a group
Ways Dawes Act will assimilate
Force Indians to become farmers
Force children to learn English and attend boarding schools
Indians will start to attend Protestant faiths and forget their tribal languages and religions
boarding schools

13. Navajo Man

14. From the Carlisle Indian Industrial School

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