A Global Conflict and Total Warfare. Section 13-3 A Global Conflict and Total Warfare.

War Affects the World The Gallipoli Campaign Allies move to capture the Ottoman Dardanelle strait in Feb 1915 The hoped to defeat the Ottoman Empire, (a Central Powers ally) They also want to open the supply line through the region to Russia The effort ends in costly loses for the Allies

America Joins the Fight Germany seeks to control the Atlantic Ocean to stop supplies to Britain Use unrestricted submarine warfare – any ships near Britain sunk w/o warning They halted the policy in 1915 after the sinking of the Lusitania (a British passenger liner w/ Am. on it) and killing 1,198 civilians including 128 U.S. citizens Germany renews the policy in 1917 to knock Brit. out of the war quickly Enlists Mexico with the Zimmerman Note to attack the US to keep them out of the war US declares war on Germany after intercepting the note & joins the allies

War Affects the Home Front Governments Wage Total War WWI becomes a total war – nations devote all of their resources to the war Gov’t takes control of the economy to produce war goods Nations turn to rationing-limiting purchases of war related goods Propaganda – one sided information to build morale & support of war

Propaganda

Women and the War At home thousands of women fill jobs previously held by men Many women also experienced the war by working as nurses in the military

The Allies Win the War Russia Withdraws Civil unrest in Russia forces the czar to step down from the throne in 1917 Communists soon take control of Russia’s government Russia signs a treaty w/ Germany in March 1918 & pulls out of the war (treaty of Brest-Litovsk)

The Central Powers Collapse With Russia gone, Germany moves most of its forces to the Western Front Heavy fighting takes place, b/ the Allies force the Germans (Germany’s allies collapse leaving them to fight by themselves) Allies win the war An Armistice - end of fighting, it was signed in 1918

Legacy of the War War takes a heavy toll, 8.5 million soldiers are dead, 21 million are wounded WWI devastates the European economy & drains the national treasuries Many acres of land & homes were destroyed Survivors suffer despair & disillusionment, this was reflected in art