1. WWI

2. Nationalism
The growth of nationalism- people with the same ethnic origin, language, & political ideas along with a deep devotion to one’s nation—caused intense competition among Europe
These countries were competing for territory (economic & colonial conflicts)

3. Intense nationalism in the nations of the Balkans led to demands for independence among Serbs, Bulgarians, Romanians, and others.
Nationalism

4. Imperialism and Militarism
Imperialism, and the quest for colonies sometimes pushed European nations to the brink of war and intensified the sense of rivalry and mistrust.
The nations of Europe took pride in having strong militaries and being prepared for war. This led to a dangerous arms race, especially between Great Britain & Germany.
Glorifying military power is called militarism.

5. Tangled Alliances
Growing rivalries and mutual mistrust had led to the creation of several military alliances among the Great Powers as early as the 1870s

6. Tangled Alliances Unification of Germany by Otto von Bismark
Tension between France and Germany
Dual Alliance: Germany-Austria-Hungary
Triple Alliance: Italy joins

7. Triple Alliance (1881)

8. Tangled Alliances
In 1890, Germany’s foreign policy changed dramatically. That year, Kaiser Wilhelm II—ruler of Germany—forced Bismarck to resign.
Wilhelm let his nation’s treaty with Russia lapse in 1890.
Russia formed a military alliance with France in 1892 and Such an alliance had been Bismarck’s fear.

9. Tangled Alliances Wilhelm starts building up his navy.
Triple Entente: Great Britain, France, & Russia
Triple Entente against Triple alliance

10. Military Alliances Before World War I

11. Crisis in the Balkans
With a long history of nationalist uprisings and ethnic clashes, the Balkans was known as the “powder keg” of Europe.

12. By the 1900s the Ottoman Turks had collapsed and formed new nations
In 1908, Austria annexed Bosnia and Herzegovina. Serbian leaders were outraged and tensions between the two nations rose.
Crisis in the Balkans

13. The beginning of the end: beginning of World War I
On June 28, 1914 the heir to the throne of Austria, Archduke Franz Ferdinand was assassinated
He was shot by a Serbian Nationalist
The beginning of the end: beginning of World War I

14. The War Begins July 28, 1914: Austria declared war on Serbia.
Russia, the protector of Serbia, mobilizes its forces toward the Austrian border.
The War Begins

15. The Great War Very much a European conflict
They will try to pull in colonial allies
The Great War

16. Battle of Gallipoli: Hope to defeat the Ottoman Empire, a central powers ally
Also want to open a supply line through region to Russia.
Effort ends in costly Allied defeat.
War affects the World

17. War Affects the world Battles in Africa and Asia
Allies take control of German holdings in Asia and Africa.
Britain and France use their colonial subjects to help in war effort
War Affects the world

18. War Affects the World America Joins the Fight
Germany seeks to control Atlantic Ocean to stop supplies to Britain.
Germany uses unrestricted submarine warfare, and ships near Britain are sunk without warning.
Germany halts this policy in 1915 after the sinking of the Lusitania angers the United States
War Affects the World

19. RMS Lusitania arriving in New York on her maiden voyage arriving in New York in September Upon its sinking by a German U-boat on May 7, 1915, 1,198 people died when the ship went down.

20. War Affects the World America Joins the Fight
Zimmerman Telegram—effort to enlist Mexico in war against the United States—angers the United States.
The United States declares war against Germany in April 1917 joining the Allies.
War Affects the World

21. War Affects the Home Front
Governments Wage Total War
World War I becomes a “total war”—nations devote all resources to war.
Governments take control of the economy to produce war goods.
Nations turn to rationing—limiting purchases of war-related goods.
Propaganda—one sided information to build morale and support for the war.
War Affects the Home Front

22. Trench warfare

23. Trench warfare

24. Propaganda

25. The Allies Win the War The Central Powers Collapse
With Russia gone, Germany moves most forces to Western Front
Engage in major fighting; Allies force Germans to retreat.
Allies win war; armistice—end of fighting—signed November 1918.
The Allies Win the War