Child Development 1 (Wk 2)

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Presentation transcript:

Child Development 1 (Wk 2) Chapter 1/ Sec. 2 (Theories)

A theory - an orderly, integrated set of statements that are cohesive; the statements describe, explain, and predict human behavior. Helps us understand, describe, respond & predict…

The Classic Theories Psychodynamic Theories: i. Sigmund Freud ii. Erik Erikson Constructivist Theories: Jean Piaget Lev Vygotsky

Recent Theories Systems Theories: Urie Bronfenbrenner

Category: Classic Theory Sub-Category: Psychodynamic Theory Theorist: Erik Erikson (1902-1994) Name of theory: Erikson’s Psychosocial Theory

Trust vs. Mistrust: Autonomy vs. Shame & Doubt: Initiative vs. Guilt: Industry vs. Inferiority: Identity vs. Role Confusion (Adolescence): Intimacy vs. Isolation (Early Adulthood): Generativity vs. Stagnation (Middle Adulthood): Ego Integrity vs. Despair (Later Adulthood):

Category: Classic Theory Sub-Category: Constructivist Theory Theorist: Jean Piaget (1896 – 1980) Name of theory: Piaget’s Cognitive (Constructivist) Theory

Stages (refer to Table 1.3, p. 24) Sensorimotor Pre-Operational Concrete operational Formal operational We will go into detail about the characteristics of each stage, as the semester continues; this is just a preview

Terms Schemes- any action pattern (cognitive structure) for dealing with the environment. Assimilation- new information into our existing schemes. Accommodation- when information does not fit into existing scheme; one changes a scheme to adapt to the new information, which may involve creating a new scheme.

Category: Classic Theory Sub-Category: Constructivist Theory Theorist: Lev Vygotsky (1896-1934) Name of theory: Social Constructivist Theory A Russian Psychologist “Sociocultural theory” of development: Social: Cultural:

Humans have a biological need & capacity for tool use and production. “Physical tools” = master the environment; “psychological tools” = master behavior. Psychological tools Includes…

Terms: “ZPD” & Scaffolding Zone of Proximal Development A teaching style which includes…

Category: Recent Theory Sub-Category: Systems Theory Theorist: Urie Bronfenbrenner’s (1917-2005) Name of theory: Ecological Systems Theory

Interactions in the child’s immediate environment (daily lives). Microsystem Interactions in the child’s immediate environment (daily lives).

Mesosystem Exosystem Interactions among various microsystems. Social settings that have an indirect influence on the child...

Macrosystem-culture (subculture) values, laws, customs, & economics & government systems. Chronosystem –is not a level, but refers to a dimension of “time”…one’s personal history