Adaptations Why do organisms need to adapt? get food keep from becoming food reproduce react to changes in environment

Gills in Fish & Aquatic life Gills are respiratory organs that absorb oxygen from water as it flows over the gill surface.

Xylem and phloem make up the big transportation system of vascular plants. System of tubes and transport cells that circulates water and dissolved minerals They also of support the plant. When someone cuts an old tree down, they reveal a set of rings. Those rings are the remains of old xylem tissue, one ring for every year the tree was alive.

Phloem Photosynthesis takes place in the green leaves of plants The sugars need to be given to every cell in the plant Phloem cells are laid out end-to-end throughout the entire plant, transporting the sugars and other molecules created by the plant. Phloem is always alive. Example: Sap coming out of a tree comes from the phloem.

Reproductive Adaptations brightly colored male birds attract mates males will also dance to attract females A flower's bright colors attract bees. The bees carry pollen from flower to flower, fertilizing seeds.

Hollow Bones in Birds Hollow bones reduce weight for easier flight A light body allows birds to fly faster using less energy Wing = modified hand/arm in birds

Adaptations 2 types of adaptations Physical - inherited from parents Example: Tulips storing food in bulbs Behavioral - learned in some way or instinctive Example: male Bison fighting in the spring

Animals learn behaviors in many ways: Imprinting Mimicking Trial and Error Instinct Conditioning Insight Learning Copying another animal, usually occurs with child copying mother. Newly born animals will recognize the first thing they see as 'mom'. An animal gets better at something through repeated practice. A behavior that is inborn; it doesn't have to be taught. Learning to connect a stimulus with something 'good' or 'bad'. When an animal uses past knowledge to solve a new problem.

More Behaviors AGGRESSION Animals compete with one another for limited resources. Aggression is a threatening behavior that one animal uses to gain control over another. Aggression can be displayed over food, territory, rank, to protect young or mating rites. SOCIETIES Honeybees are social insects, living together in highly organized colonies. Each member has a specific job to do. A single honeybee cannot grow or survive by itself. The three distinct kinds of honeybees in a colony are queen, worker, and drone. Other ex. = wolves, wildebeasts, termites, etc. MIGRATION Monarch butterflies migrate south to Mexico during the cold weather months. In spring, they migrate back 1500 miles to Canada. They are the only butterfly to migrate back and forth HIBERNATION During the fall, hibernating animals eat more food than usual.  Their bodies will live off their body fat as they ‘sleep’ through winter.  The animal will use up the body fat it stores and not lose any muscle.  This causes the animal to come out of hibernation thinner but still as strong as it was in the fall.