1. Structures of Seed Plants

2. Basic Parts Root Systems – Includes roots of plant
Shoot Systems – include stems and leaves
These two systems are connected in a plant
Xylem and Phloem transports water and minerals to all parts of plant

3. Roots Roots supply plant with water and dissolved minerals
Water and minerals are transported through xylem to the shoots
Roots hold plants securely in the soil
Roots store surplus food during photosynthesis
Food is made in the leaves and moved to the roots through phloem

4. Root Structures Surface of the root is called the epidermis
Inner layer of root is vascular tissue
Root cap protects the tip of the root
Root cap produces a slimy substance that helps the root to push through the soil

5. Root Systems Taproot System – One main root or taproot
Grows downward to reach water deep in the earth
Smaller roots branch off of this main taproot
Gymnosperms usually have taproots
Fibrous roots systems have several roots that spread out from the base of the plants stem
Usually get water that is close to the surface

6. Stems Stems connect a plants roots to its leaves and flowers
Stems support the plant body
Leaves are along the stems or at the ends of stems. This helps the leaves to get sunlight for photosynthesis
Stems transport material between the root systems and the shoot systems

7. Types of Stems
Herbaceous Stems – Stems that are soft, thin and flexible.
Flowers, crops, house plants
Woody Stem – Stems that are rigid and made of wood and bark
Trees

8. Leaves Main function of leaves is to make food for the plant
Leaves can come in all shapes and sizes
Most leaves are green because they contain chloroplasts. Chloroplasts capture sunlight and use this energy to make food for the plant

9. Flowers Flowers come in many shapes, colors and fragrances
Flowers are designed to draw in animals and insects to help with pollination
Flowers that are not brightly colored or have fragrances rely on wind to spread their pollen
Flowers can also produce nectar that will attract birds and insects. As the animals move from flower to flower they spread the pollen

10. Flower Parts
Sepals – Outermost ring of flower parts that usually protect the bud. Often green like other leaves. They fold back when the flower blooms
Petals – Flat leaf like parts of a flower, usually brightly colored to attract insects or animals
Stamen – Male part of flower. Has a thin stalk called filament. Filament is topped by an anther. The anther is filled with pollen

11. Flower Parts Continued
Pistil – Female parts of a flower. Tip of pistil is called the stigma. Stem of pistil is called the style. Bottom of pistil is called the ovary. Inside the ovary are ovules. Inside each ovule is an egg
Pollen collects on the stigma. Pollen travels down the style to the ovary of the flower. There the pollen can fertilize the eggs inside each ovule. When the egg is fertilized it will turn into a new seed. The ovary will turn into a fruit.