Chapter 20 Sections 2 & 3 Women and Hispanics fight for rights!

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Chapter 20 Sections 2 & 3 Women and Hispanics fight for rights!

Background Feminism: Belief that men and women should be politically, economically, and socially equal Causes of Feminist Movement: Sparked by the development of the birth-control pill in 1960 More women entering the workforce More were attending college Influence of the African American Civil Rights movement. -Eisenberg, Bonnie, and Mary Ruthsdotter. "Living the Legacy: the Women's Rights Movement 1848 - 1998." Women's Rights Movement. 1998. 5 June 2007 <http://www.legacy98.org/move-hist.html>.

National Organization for Women (NOW) Founded in 1966 by a group of people including Betty Friedan Betty Friedan became the organization's first president. Demanded greater educational opportunities for women -"NOW." National Organization for Women. 4 June 2007 <http://www.now.org/>.

NOW (con’t.) The goal of NOW is to bring about equality for all women. They campaigned to gain passage of the ERA amendment at the state level. Issues NOW deals with: works to eliminate discrimination and harassment in the workplace, schools, and the justice system. secure abortion, birth control and reproductive rights for all women end all forms of violence against women eradicate racism, sexism and homophobia promote equality and justice in society. -"NOW." National Organization for Women. 4 June 2007 <http://www.now.org/>.

Betty Friedan Wrote the book, Feminine Mystique in 1963. In her book, she depicted the roles of women in industrial societies. She focused most of her attention on the housewife role of women. The book became a bestseller -"Betty Friedan." Women of the Hall. 1993. National Women's Hall of Fame. 4 June 2007 <http://www.greatwomen.org/women.php?action=viewone&id=62>. -Bachir, John J. Betty Friedan. 2006. JJB Blog. 4 June 2007 <http://blog.johnjosephbachir.org/tag/freedom>. Feb. 4th, 1921- Feb. 4th, 2006

Equal Pay Act 1963 It is the first federal law prohibiting sexual discrimination. In 1963 the average female worker’s wages in the United States were equivalent to 58.9 % of the average male worker’s earnings. It abolished wage differences based on sex. “No employer having employees subject to any provisions of this section [section 206 of title 29 of the United States Code] shall discriminate, within any establishment in which such employees are employed, between employees on the basis of sex by paying wages to employees in such establishment at a rate less than the rate at which he pays wages to employees of the opposite sex in such establishment for equal work on jobs…” -- Equal Pay Act -"The Equal Pay Act of 1963." Essortment. 2002. 5 June 2007 <http://nc.essortment.com/equalpayact_rvwx.htm>.

The Equal Rights Amendment (ERA) “Men and women shall have equal rights throughout the United States and every place subject to its jurisdiction.” Made all forms of discrimination based on sex illegal. Never passed in states Debated until 1982 -"Equal Rights Amendment." National Organization of Women. 2007. NOW. 19 May 2007 <http://www.now.org/issues/economic/eratext.html>.

STOP ERA Led by Phyliss Schlafy Said ERA would destroy traditional values of U.S. Takes away right to single gender colleges

Title IX (accidentally left off outline) Banned gender discrimination in education. Prohibited federally funded schools from discriminating against women in nearly all aspects from admission to athletics. Colleges had to offer equal number of scholarships to men and women.

Cuban Revolution (accidentally left off outline) U.S. became home to 350,000 Cuban immigrants after the Cuban Revolution. Most were welcomed in the U.S. because they were viewed as refugees fleeing Communist Oppression. By late 1960s, more than 9 million Latinos lived in the U.S.

Hispanics Bilingualism: Teaching in native language while they learn English Americans argued it would prevent them from learning English Bracero Program: Laborers enter U.S. from Mexico for short term contracts Barrio: Poor Latino neighborhood

Cesar Chavez Organized United Farm Workers Better wages for farm workers A national boycott of grapes Used Non-violent resistance