1. Impact of the Civil Rights Movement
Global Studies 10
Riddlebarger

2. Revival of the Women’s Movement
Following passage of the 19th Amendment in 1920, the women’s movement declined.
In 1960’s, it experiences a revival as women again begin questioning why they are still treated unequal

3. Women in workforce By 1963, 1/3 of American workers were women
On average, women only earn 60% of what men make.
Types of work women can get is part of reason- service, retail, clerical & domestic pay poorly.
Manufacturing & construction considered men’s jobs.
Women often receive lower wages even when they work the same jobs as men.
Many women still choose to stay at home as homemakers.

4. Betty Friedan
Betty Friedan writes a book, The Feminine Mystique in 1963
Concludes that many woman were unsatisfied with their lives
Felt trapped by domestic life
We can no longer ignore that voice within women that says: “I want something more than my husband and my children and my home.”
The book sparks a national debate about the roles & rights of women.

5. Women’s Liberation Movement
Core belief is feminism
Conviction that men & women should be socially, politically and economically equal
1966: Group of feminists form NOW
National Organization for Women
Goals: equality in the workplace, schools and justice system
More political representation
Worked to end violence towards women & achieve abortion rights.

6. NOW Betty Friedan is the first president
Group lobbies government to change laws
Filed lawsuits
Staged rallies, marches & other nonviolent protests

7. ERA Equal Rights Amendment pushed by NOW
Proposed amendment promised equal treatment for men and women in areas of society.
Needs 38 states to ratify it; NOW organizes marches across the country
Some see it as a threat to traditional values
Others are concerned it will cancel rights woman have gained without gaining any new ones.
Falls 3 states short of ratification

8. Roe vs. Wade
1973 landmark case struck down state laws that banned abortion
Courts ruled that old laws violated right to privacy.
Debate continues today on this decision

9. Impact of Women’s Movement
By the end of the1970’s the number of women holding professional positions increases
Though most still hold low paying jobs
More women in senior government positions.
Still fairly small in number
Movement fades by late 1970’s; seen by many as benefitting only wealthy white women.

10. The Lives of Native Americans
Indian groups had suffered injustices since colonial times.
High unemployment rates in nation amongst Native Americans
Average income for Indian men is half that of white men.
Serious health issues within Native American communities
Alcoholism, tuberculosis, infant mortality, low life expectancy

11. A Movement Emerges
Red Power movement begins in 1960’s as a result of the government’s “termination” program.
Government attempt to get Native-Americans off reservations
Little government assistance
LBJ supports Indian self-determination & activists help bring changes in late 60’s & early 70’s.

12. Alcatraz 1969: Native group tries to reclaim Alcatraz island.
Occupation lasts nearly 18 months.
Federal marshals eventually remove them
This action did bring attention to Native issues & some states responded by returning some lands to Native tribes.

13. AIM
American Indian Movement (AIM) becomes major force behind Red Power movement
AIM calls for
Celebration of traditional cultures
Economic independence
Better education for Indian children.
AIM sometimes resorted to more forceful tactics than nonviolence.

14. AIM & Russell Means
“Before AIM, Indians were dispirited, defeated and culturally dissolving. People were ashamed to be Indian…We put Indians and Indian rights smack dab in the middle of the public consciousness for the first time since the so-called Indian wars…[AIM] laid the groundwork for the next stage in regaining sovereignty and self-determination as a nation.

15. Native American Progress
Other groups worked to protect Native’s rights, improve standards of living & educational access
Congress passed many laws during era of Red Power to support this.
1993- Indian Tribal Justice Act- gave tribes more legal authority in tribal areas (culture/identity connection)
Today’s reservation are home to Native-owned business & increased tourism
Issues of high unemployment & high drop-out rates on reservations remain.

16. Latinos Fight for Rights
Hispanic
U.S. Latino population increased greatly in 1960’s.
In 1960, 1/3 live below poverty
Double the unemployment rate as compared to white Americans
High dropout rate partly a result of poor education opportunities
Few in political office

17. Struggle for Social Justice
As other groups seek change, Latinos also campaign for social justice
One of earliest efforts is on farms in California.
Many agricultural workers were Latino and do hard labor for low wages
1965: They go on strike.

18. United Farms Workers
Cesar Chavez and National Farm Workers join strike
He knew they needed publicity to be truly effective.
Boycott grapes
Success of strike makes Chavez a national figure
Helps inspire many Mexican-Americans to fight discrimination in their lives.