1. Unit 10 Test Review
Civil Rights

2. People
Thurgood Marshall – NAACP Lawyer that argued (and won) in Brown v. Board case
Rosa Parks – Arrested for not giving up her seat to a white passenger, sparks the bus boycott in Montgomery
Martin Luther King, Jr – Pastor, leader of the non-violent approach civil rights

3. Orval Faubus – Governor of Arkansas, tried to block integration of schools, Little Rock Central, but was stopped by President Eisenhower
Lester Maddox – Governor of Georgia, opposed integration, used an axe outside his restaurant
George Wallace – Governor of Alabama, tried to block black students from entering into the University of Alabama

4. Betty Friedan – Her book The Feminine Mystique challenged the traditional role of women, helped form NOW
Cesar Chávez – fought for the rights of migrant farm workers in California
Dolores Huerta – worked closly with Chávez to form the United Farm Workers

5. Organizations
National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) - Helped organize the movement for African American Civil Rights
Student Non-Violent Coordinating Committee (SNCC) – Advocated non-violence to achieve civil rights
Black Panthers – used a more radical/violent approach to achieve civil rights

6. Southern Democrats – fought to keep the status quo of segregation in the South
Women’s Liberation (Feminist) Movement – directed at achieving greater social and economic equality for women
National Organization of Women (NOW) – formed in 1966, chief voice of the Women’s movement

7. Chicano Movement – focused on the issues of farm workers including voting and political rights
United Farm Workers – organization formed to support the Chicano Movement
American Indian Movement (AIM) – formed to seek greater respect for Native American heritage

8. Events
Montgomery Bus Boycott – African Americans refused to ride public transportation to protest bus segregation
Central High School; Little Rock, Arkansas – Governor tried to block black students from entering, the Federal government intervened and enforced integration
Sit-Ins – Peaceful protests against segregation in restaurants

9. Freedom Rides – Peaceful protests against segregated interstate buses
Letters from Birmingham Jail – Written by MLK, it explained his view on the Civil Rights movement and use of non-violence
March on Washington – Aug. 28, 1963 march to support the passage of upcoming civil rights legislation

10. Civil Rights Act of 1964 – prohibits discrimination based on race, color, religion, or origin in all public places and places of employment
Voting Rights Act of 1965 – gets rid of every obstacle designed to keep African Americans from voting (poll tax, literacy tests, etc.)

11. Affirmative Action, 1965 – Required that employers with federal contracts increase the amount of minority employees
Equal Pay Act – Requires companies to pay woman the same wages as men
Title IX – Guarantees female students the same opportunities as male students (sports)

12. Court Decisions
Plessy v. Ferguson Legalized segregation “Separate but Equal”
Brown v. Board of Education Overturns segregation in schools
Sweatt v. Painter – 1950 NAACP won the case over an African American student attending the University of Texas Law School

13. Roe v. Wade – 1973 Legalized abortion rights for women it the first 3 months of pregnancy “Pro-Choice”
Mendez v. Westminster School District – 1947 Ruled segregation of a group of children was illegal without a special state law requiring it
Delgado v. Bastrop ISD – 1948 Made segregation of Mexican American children in Texas illegal

14. Hernandez v. Texas – 1954 Ruled that Mexican Americans were protected under the 14th Amendment
White v. Regester – 1973 Required single member districts in Dallas and Bexar counties, so local groups could elect their own representatives
Edgewood ISD v. Kirby – 1984 Required changes in school finance to increase the funding for students in poorer school districts