Agenda diēs Martis, a.d. iii Id. Sept. A.D. MMXVIII HW Check: wksht. 1, binders Review Worksheet 1 The Nominative Case: Subject & Predicate 2nd Declension Nouns Accusative of Direct Object Pensum: Worksheet 2 Study Vocab. List 1 (Quiz Monday) Latin MS8 Mr. Finnigan Boston Latin School

The Nominative Case

Nominative Case there are TWO uses of the nominative case: subject and predicate SUBJECT subject is the doer of the action or state of being in a sentence; it performs the verb ex.: a) Agricola in agrō est. The farmer is in the field. b) Perseus Medūsam interficit. Perseus kills Medusa.

Subject-Verb Agreement a subject must agree with its verb in number SG verbs must have SG subjects Agricola in agrō laborat. PL verbs must have PL subjects Agricolae in agrō laborant. NO EXCEPTIONS! note: two sg. subjects linked by a conjunction form a pl. subject and will have a pl. verb Servus in agrō laborat. Agricola et servus in agrō laborant.

Nominative Case PREDICATE NOMINATIVE ex.: a) Italia patria est. a noun or adjective used with a linking verb to define or describe the subject; gives more info. about subj. ex.: a) Italia patria est. Italy is a country. b) Fēminae sunt magnae. The women are great.

2nd Declension Nouns

2nd Declension Nouns nouns of the 2nd decl. have –ī in the gen. sg. form 2nd declension nouns are either masc. or neut. in gender exception: names of trees are feminine if the nom. sg. ends in –us or –er, the noun is typically masculine vir, virī, m.: man – the only 2nd decl. masc. noun with a nom. sg. ending –ir if the nom. sg. ends in –um, the noun is neuter

2nd Declension Masc. Nouns The endings for 2nd decl. masc. nouns are: Case SG PL Nom. Gen. Dat. Acc. Abl.

2nd Declension Masc. Nouns The endings for 2nd decl. masc. nouns are: Case SG PL Nom. us/r Gen. Dat. Acc. Abl.

2nd Declension Masc. Nouns The endings for 2nd decl. masc. nouns are: Case SG PL Nom. us/r Gen. ī Dat. Acc. Abl.

2nd Declension Masc. Nouns The endings for 2nd decl. masc. nouns are: Case SG PL Nom. us/r Gen. ī Dat. ō Acc. Abl.

2nd Declension Masc. Nouns The endings for 2nd decl. masc. nouns are: Case SG PL Nom. us/r Gen. ī Dat. ō Acc. um Abl.

2nd Declension Masc. Nouns The endings for 2nd decl. masc. nouns are: Case SG PL Nom. us/r Gen. ī Dat. ō Acc. um Abl.

2nd Declension Masc. Nouns The endings for 2nd decl. masc. nouns are: Case SG PL Nom. us/r ī Gen. Dat. ō Acc. um Abl.

2nd Declension Masc. Nouns The endings for 2nd decl. masc. nouns are: Case SG PL Nom. us/r ī Gen. ōrum Dat. ō Acc. um Abl.

2nd Declension Masc. Nouns The endings for 2nd decl. masc. nouns are: Case SG PL Nom. us/r ī Gen. ōrum Dat. ō īs Acc. um Abl.

2nd Declension Masc. Nouns The endings for 2nd decl. masc. nouns are: Case SG PL Nom. us/r ī Gen. ōrum Dat. ō īs Acc. um ōs Abl.

2nd Declension Masc. Nouns The endings for 2nd decl. masc. nouns are: Case SG PL Nom. us/r ī Gen. ōrum Dat. ō īs Acc. um ōs Abl.

2nd Declension Masc. Nouns The endings for 2nd decl. masc. nouns are: Notice: Dat. & Abl. are the same Dat. & Abl. PL = Dat. & Abl. PL of 1st decl. Case SG PL Nom. us/r ī Gen. ōrum Dat. ō īs Acc. um ōs Abl.

2nd Decl. –r Stems Some 2nd decl. masc. nouns have a nom. sg. form ending in –r Examples: puer, puerī, m.: boy liber, librī, m.: book vir, virī, m.: man* *this is the only one that has –ir

2nd Decl. –r Stems puer puerī puerōrum puerō puerīs puerum puerōs Some, like puer, KEEP THE E in the stem Case SG PL Nom. puer puerī Gen. puerōrum Dat. puerō puerīs Acc. puerum puerōs Abl.

2nd Decl. –r Stems liber librī libōrum librō librīs librum librōs Others, like liber, DROP THE E from the stem Case SG PL Nom. liber librī Gen. libōrum Dat. librō librīs Acc. librum librōs Abl.

2nd Decl. –r Stems How do you remember whether to KEEP or DROP the E in the stem? Memorize the dictionary entry! The GEN. SG. will tell you if it keeps the E or drops it Use derivatives! Engl. derivs. almost always follow the Latin for keeping/dropping the E puer, puerī, m.: boy – puerile (‘boyish’) | E stays liber, librī, m.: book – library | E drops out ager, agrī, m.: field – agriculture | E drops out

2nd Declension Neut. Nouns Nouns of the 2nd decl. have –ī in the gen. sg. form If the nom. sg. ends in –um the noun is neuter NEUTER RULE: Nom. & Acc. forms of neuter nouns are identical In the plural, the nom. & acc. always end in –A

2nd Declension Neut. Nouns The endings for 2nd decl. neut. nouns are: Case SG PL Nom. Gen. Dat. Acc. Abl.

2nd Declension Neut. Nouns The endings for 2nd decl. neut. nouns are: Case SG PL Nom. um Gen. Dat. Acc. Abl.

2nd Declension Neut. Nouns The endings for 2nd decl. neut. nouns are: Case SG PL Nom. um Gen. ī Dat. Acc. Abl.

2nd Declension Neut. Nouns The endings for 2nd decl. neut. nouns are: Case SG PL Nom. um Gen. ī Dat. ō Acc. Abl.

2nd Declension Neut. Nouns The endings for 2nd decl. neut. nouns are: Case SG PL Nom. um Gen. ī Dat. ō Acc. Abl.

2nd Declension Neut. Nouns The endings for 2nd decl. neut. nouns are: Case SG PL Nom. um Gen. ī Dat. ō Acc. Abl.

2nd Declension Neut. Nouns The endings for 2nd decl. neut. nouns are: Case SG PL Nom. um a Gen. ī Dat. ō Acc. Abl.

2nd Declension Neut. Nouns The endings for 2nd decl. neut. nouns are: Case SG PL Nom. um a Gen. ī ōrum Dat. ō Acc. Abl.

2nd Declension Neut. Nouns The endings for 2nd decl. neut. nouns are: Case SG PL Nom. um a Gen. ī ōrum Dat. ō īs Acc. Abl.

2nd Declension Neut. Nouns The endings for 2nd decl. neut. nouns are: Case SG PL Nom. um a Gen. ī ōrum Dat. ō īs Acc. Abl.

2nd Declension Neut. Nouns The endings for 2nd decl. neut. nouns are: Case SG PL Nom. um a Gen. ī ōrum Dat. ō īs Acc. Abl.

Accusative of Direct Object

Accusative of Direct Object there are many uses of the accusative, but one of the most common is the direct object DIRECT OBJECT: the receiver of the action of a verb; it receives the action that the subject is doing Poētās laudāmus. We praise the poets. Puella poetam laudat. The girl is praising the poet.

Word Order in Latin Sentences although Latin word order is variable, its sentences do generally follow a set structure this structure is S-O-V (subject – object – verb) e.g. Poēta carmina puellīs pulchrīs scribit.  “The poet writes poems for pretty girls.” Notice this is different than English, which generally has S-V-O Latin can move nouns/adjectives (objects, prep. phrases, etc.) around because it shows their use in a sentence by changing the case endings unlike English (generally), which depends on the order of words in a sentence for their meaning