1. Latin I Study Guide

2. Verbs Present Stem (2 nd principal Part) Present Tense Imperfect Tense Future Tense Perfect Stem (3 rd principal part) Perfect Tense Nouns & Adjectives 1 st Declension 2 nd Declension – Masc. 2 nd Declension – Neuter

3. Each Tense What it does English meaning/translations Endings:---- * Special notes Example verbs: (conjugate all 3 in study guide)

4. Present Tense Describes action happening right now Amō: I love, I am loving, I do love Endings:-ō-mus -s-tis -t-nt *3 rd & 3 rd –iō verbs take stem from 1 st p.p. *3 rd 3 rd –io and 4 th get –UNT in 3 rd PL Example verbs: amō, amāre; ducō, ducere, audiō, audīre

5. 1 st conjugationAmōAmāmus AmāsAmātis AmatAmant 3 rd conjugationDucōDucimus DucisDucitis DucitDucunt 4 th conjugationAudiōAudimus AudīsAudītis AuditAudiunt

6. Imperfect Tense Describes continuous/repeated past action Amābam: I was loving, I used to love Endings:-bam-bāmus -bās-bātis -bat-bant * 3 rd –iō & 4 th verbs have –iē- in stem

7. 1 st conjugationAmābamAmabāmus AmabāsAmabātis AmabatAmabant 3 rd conjugationDucēbamDucēbamus DucēbasDucēbatis DucēbatDucēbant 4 th conjugationAudiēbamAudiēbamus AudiēbasAudiēbatis AudiēbatAudiēbant

8. Future Tense Describes action to come Amabō: I will love 1 st /2 nd conjugation -bō-bimus -bis-bitis -bit-bunt 3 rd /4 th conjugation -am-ēmus -ēs-ētis -et-ent Example verbs: amō, amāre; ducō, ducere

9. 1 st conjugationAmabōAmābimus AmābisAmābitis AmabitAmabunt 3 rd conjugationDucamDucēmus DucēsDucētis DucetDucent

10. Perfect Tense Describes completed action in the past Amāvī: I loved, I have loved, I did love Endings -ī-imus -istī-istis -it-ērunt Example verbs: ducō, ducere

11. 3 rd conjugationDuxīDuximus DuxistiDuxistis DuxitDuxerunt

12. 1 st Declension Almost always feminine (exceptions: nauta, agricola, poeta) puella puellae puellaepuellārum puellae puellīs puellam puellās puellāpuellīs

13. 2 nd Declension Masculine Drop ī from 2 nd form – don’t change the first one! amicusamicī virvirī amicīamicōrumvirī virōrum amicōamicīsvirōvirīs amicum amicōsvirumvirōs amicōamicīsvirōvirīs

14. 2 nd Declension Neuter bellumbella bellībellōrum bellōbellīs bellum bella bellōbellīs KNOW WHICH WORDS ARE NEUTER! arma auxilium bellum consilium frumentum officium oppidum otium praemium pretium signum studium templum verbum **draw pictures for as many as you can; this can help you picture them as neuter on the test

15. Noun Uses CASEUSE(s) NOMSubject Predicate Nominative GEN Possession (*also any time you use of in English) DATIndirect Object ACCDirect Object Place to Which (after ad and some prepositions) ABLMeans (no preposition) Accompaniment (cum) Place Where (in)/Place from Which (a/de/e)

16. Noun Uses CASE USE(s) NOM Subject: Poeta scribit. The poet writes. Pred. Nom: Vir est poeta. The man is a poet. GEN Possessive: Amicus virī est poeta. The friend of the man is a poet. With the English word of: Est copia frumentī. There is an abundance of grain. DAT Ind. Obj.: Amicō librum donavi. I gave a book to my friend. ACC Dir. Obj.: Poeta librum scribit. The poet writes a book. Place to Which: Ad Italiam navigamus. We sail to Italy

17. ABL Means: Disciplinā multum effecit. He accomplished much by means of discipline (through discipline) Accompaniment: Cum amicīs accedo. I approach with friends. Place Where: in: In agrīs laboro. I am working in the fields. Place from Which: /a/de/e: Ex agrīs frumentum porto. I carry the grain out of the fields.

18. Give the appropriate form of the Latin word to match the use (amicus, amicī, m.) 1.My friend is a nice person. 2.I will give my friend a present on his birthday. 3.I will go to the mall with my friend. 4.Most of my friends don’t live around here. 5.He never helps his friends.

19. Give the correct form of each Latin verb 1.The king will rule the land for many years. 2.The soldier fortifies the castle. 3.Poets write epics. 4.I will read many books over summer break. 5.We will be happy over summer break! 6.What will you (pl.) do over break?