America as a World Power Chapter 10: Section 4

TR & the World TR mediated a settlement between Russia & Japan stemming from the Russo-Japanese War Both were imperial powers seeking control over Korea Russia declared war and Japan defeated the 2 Russian fleets TR won the Nobel Peace Prize for negotiating the Treaty of Portsmouth

Treaty of Portsmouth 1906 Japan got half of the Sakhalin Island and took over Russian interests in Korea and Manchuria

US-Japanese Relations As US and Japanese interests expanded in East Asia the two nations pledged to respect each other’s possessions and interests in the area.

Panama Canal TR supported a canal because it would: Reduce travel time for commercial & military traffic In 1850 US and Brit agreed to share the rights to a canal however, in the 1901 Hay-Pauncefote Treaty Brit gave the US exclusive rights to build & control a canal Two choices: Nicaragua or Panama – Philippe Bunai-Varilla - $40 million

Panamanian Rebellion US had to get permission for canal from Colombia before beginning to build. When negotiations broke down, Bunau-Varilla helped orchestrate a Panamanian rebellion and a dozen US warships were present as Panama declared its independence 15 days later Panama & the US signed a treaty (paid $10m and annual rent of $250,000 for the Canal Zone)

Construction of the Canal 1904-1914 Fought yellow fever and malaria 5600 died from disease or accidents Total cost was $380 million Opened on Aug 15, 1914 US-LA relations had been damaged by US support of the Panama Rebellion US later paid Colombia $25 million to compensate for lost territory

The Roosevelt Corollary Financial factors drew the US further into Latin American (LA) afffairs LA countries had borrowed heavily from Europe & US feared that if they defaulted on their loans Europe might intervene TR reminded Europeans of the Monroe Doctrine & based his policy on the West African proverb “Speak softly and carry a big stick”

Roosevelt Corollary continued Big Stick policy was officially proclaimed in the Roosevelt corollary in which TR warned that disorder in LA might “force the US… to the exercise of an internat’l police power. The corollary basically said that the US would now use force to protect its economic interests in LA.

Taft & Dollar Diplomacy Policy of using the US gov to guarantee loans made to foreign countries by American businesspeople. This was called $ diplomacy and was used to justify keeping European powers out of the Caribbean. For ex, Nicaragua in 1911 (p. 362)

Wilson’s Missionary Diplomacy