What is HIV? Human Immunodeficiency Virus

What is AIDS? Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome

HIV/AIDS by the #’s 12 million people who have HIV/AIDS are in the 15-24 age group 1/5 all new HIV infections are among young people aged 13-24. Every day about 6,000 people become infected with HIV. 17% of all new HIV diagnosis in the United States occur in the South

HIV Geographically

To survive the virus must: Be inside living cells HIV binds to receptors on CD4 cells (Helper T Cells) and uses its DNA to assemble long chains of noninfectious HIV proteins which later become infections HIV.

4 body fluids can carry the virus: 1. Blood 2. Semen 3. Vaginal fluids 4. Breast milk

HIV/AIDS transmitted in a variety of ways: 1. Sexual Contact 2. Blood to Blood 3. Incidental cases

Sexual contact: 1. Sexual intercourse 2. Oral Sex 3. Anal Sex

Blood-to-blood contact: 1. Sharing needles or syringes 2. Tattooing 3. Organ donation 4. Accidental needle sticks in medical settings

Incidental cases: 2. Mother's milk to baby 3. During dental procedures 1. Mother to baby during pregnancy or delivery 2. Mother's milk to baby 3. During dental procedures

HIV/AIDS is NOT spread by: A. Casual contact such as kissing, hugging, or sneezing B. Insect bites Saliva (Kissing - no reported cases) Air or Water

Stages & Symptoms: HIV positive asymptomatic stage Middle stage C. HIV symptomatic stage D. AIDS stage

A. HIV Positive Asymptomatic The person can have HIV in his/her body for 10 years or more, but feels healthy with NO Symptoms. Low levels of virus in blood. Still contagious with the virus Incubation period for HIV is 6 weeks to 6 months. This is the amount of time it takes for your body to begin making antibodies for HIV.

Still contagious with the virus B. Middle Stage Patients experience acute infections such as fever, headache, sore throat, rash, diarrhea, and enlarged lymph nodes. Still contagious with the virus

C. HIV symptomatic Immune system is badly damaged by the virus. Lymph nodes damaged, increased t cell destruction which the body fails to keep up with. Fever Night Sweats Fatigue Unexplained persistent diarrhea Loss of appetite and weight loss of 10 lbs. or more in 2 months Swollen lymph nodes Persistent unexplained dry cough or shortness of breath Skin rashes

D. AIDS stage Aids is said to be present when the person develops his/her first opportunistic infection or his/her CD4 level reaches a specific number. CD4 Cell Test: Another factor that determines when a person has AIDS is their CD4 cell count. These are the lymphocytes (WBC) HIV destroys. If the CD4 cell count is 200 or less, the person is said to have entered the stage called AIDS.

per milliliter of blood Normal T-Cell Count 800-1200 T-cell Helpers per milliliter of blood

Opportunistic Infections are: Kaposi’s Sarcoma – an unusual cancer affecting blood vessels causing purplish spots on skin. Pneumocystis Pneumonia (PCP) – causes death in 60% of AIDS victims; caused by a fungus that infects the lungs. 3. Lymphomas – cancers of the lymphocytes. 4. AIDS-related dementia (ARD) – damage to the brain and spinal cord causing memory loss, depression and loss of judgment. 5. SLIM disease – severe weight loss (10% of body weight)

A. EIA Test B. Western Blot Test A blood test to locate antibodies for HIV If positive, it is repeated again. B. Western Blot Test An antibody test for HIV done to confirm the results of the ELISA test.

2. Avoiding IV drugs and sharing needles Prevention of AIDS NO-Risk Behaviors: 1. Abstinence 2. Avoiding IV drugs and sharing needles 3. Uninfected monogamous partners

1. Use protection: Latex condoms Decreased Risk: 1. Use protection: Latex condoms 2. Limit the # of partners 3. Have your partner tested for HIV 4. Clean/sterilize your needles

Let's get ready for a QUIZ

Being infected with HIV is the same as having the disease AIDS. Question # 1 True or False Being infected with HIV is the same as having the disease AIDS.

People infected with HIV usually die within 6 months. Question # 2 True or False People infected with HIV usually die within 6 months.

After AIDS symptoms develop, most victims die within 2 years. Question # 3 True or False After AIDS symptoms develop, most victims die within 2 years.

The HIV virus can be spread by coughing or sneezing. Question # 4 True or False The HIV virus can be spread by coughing or sneezing.

Question # 5 True of False AIDS is a unique infectious disease because the immune system cannot fight it off.

Name 2 ways AIDS can be transmitted. Question # 6 Short Answer Name 2 ways AIDS can be transmitted.

List one opportunistic infection. Question # 7 Short Answer List one opportunistic infection.

Name one way you cannot spread the disease of AIDS. Question # 8 Short Answer Name one way you cannot spread the disease of AIDS.

H ______________ I ______________ V ______________ Question # 9 Fill in the blank H ______________ I ______________ V ______________

A ________________ I ________________ D ________________ Question # 10 Fill in the blank A ________________ I ________________ D ________________ S ________________