1. Chapter 25 Lessons 3 & 4 Handshake Cards

2. Teens at Risk Teens have one of the fastest growing rates of HIV infection. Teens have one of the fastest growing rates of HIV infection. Many young adults who are currently dying from AIDS were infected in their teens. Many young adults who are currently dying from AIDS were infected in their teens. Did You Know? In 2000, AIDS was the fifth leading cause of death among adults from 25 to 44 years old. Did You Know? In 2000, AIDS was the fifth leading cause of death among adults from 25 to 44 years old.

3. HIV and the Human Body HIV enters the blood and invades the immune system. HIV enters the blood and invades the immune system. The viruses take over and produce new copies of themselves. The viruses take over and produce new copies of themselves. The new viruses infect other cells, and then copy themselves again. The new viruses infect other cells, and then copy themselves again. The lowered immune system makes the body susceptible to common infections and to opportunistic infections. The lowered immune system makes the body susceptible to common infections and to opportunistic infections. AIDS is an advanced stage of HIV infection. AIDS is an advanced stage of HIV infection.

4. How HIV is transmitted It can be transmitted through sexual intercourse. It can be transmitted through sexual intercourse. Sharing needles used for drugs can transmit HIV. Sharing needles used for drugs can transmit HIV. Infected pregnant females can pass HIV to their fetuses or to their babies while the babies are breastfed. Infected pregnant females can pass HIV to their fetuses or to their babies while the babies are breastfed. –There is medication a mother can take to prevent passing it to her fetus. Test Question : What are the 4 fluids HIV can be passed through? Test Question : What are the 4 fluids HIV can be passed through? –Blood, Semen, Vaginal Secretions, Breast milk

5. Stages of HIV Infection A person is infectious immediately after contracting HIV. A person is infectious immediately after contracting HIV. In about 3 to 6 weeks, symptoms are flu-like: fever, rash, headache, body aches, and swollen glands. In about 3 to 6 weeks, symptoms are flu-like: fever, rash, headache, body aches, and swollen glands. Within a month, these symptoms disappear and the person enters the asymptomatic stage. Within a month, these symptoms disappear and the person enters the asymptomatic stage. –The immune system continues to fight the HIV infection. –The immune system slows down, and the body is at high risk for other infections to take over.

6. continued During the symptomatic stage things like weight loss happen due to a severe drop in immune cells. During the symptomatic stage things like weight loss happen due to a severe drop in immune cells. Detecting HIV Detecting HIV –EIA is usually the first test to screen for HIV in the blood. –Developing antibodies takes weeks or months after initial infection. –People who are being tested may have certain health conditions, such as hemophilia and pregnancy, which give false positive readings.

7. continued The Western Blot (WB) test is the most common confirmation test for HIV in the United States since it is 100 percent accurate. The Western Blot (WB) test is the most common confirmation test for HIV in the United States since it is 100 percent accurate.

8. The Impact of the Availability of Health Services Medications have been developed to treat HIV. Medications have been developed to treat HIV. Because HIV infects the very cells that regulate the immune response, a cure for HIV is hard to discover. Because HIV infects the very cells that regulate the immune response, a cure for HIV is hard to discover. New strains of HIV have emerged. New strains of HIV have emerged. Many treatments have side effects. Many treatments have side effects. Treatment is costly Treatment is costly Worldwide many people don’t have access to treatment centers. Worldwide many people don’t have access to treatment centers.

9. HIV/AIDS – A continuing problem HIV is now a pandemic. HIV is now a pandemic. Knowledge is the first defense against HIV infection. Knowledge is the first defense against HIV infection. Abstinence and refusal skills help avoid pressure to high-risk behavior that leads to HIV infections. Abstinence and refusal skills help avoid pressure to high-risk behavior that leads to HIV infections. –Avoid events where drug use or sexual activity will occur. –Practice refusal skills, using body language as well as words. –Choose relationships carefully.