1. How can you protect yourself from HIV infection?
HIV and AIDS
How can you protect yourself from HIV infection?
Making responsible decisions about personal behaviors is the most valuable tool you can use for protection against HIV infection.

2. In this lesson, you will learn to:
Lesson Objectives
In this lesson, you will learn to:
Describe how HIV affects and destroys the immune system
Identify behaviors known to transmit HIV
Compare the relationships between unsafe behaviors, refusal skills, and the risk of HIV infection

3. HIV Infection Among Teens
Teens at Risk
HIV Infection Among Teens
Teens have one of the fastest growing rates of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection.
Many young adults who are currently dying from acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) were infected in their teens.
Teens who choose abstinence from sexual activity and from injecting drugs greatly reduce their risk of HIV infection.

4. How HIV Infects the Human Body
HIV and the Human Body
How HIV Infects the Human Body
When HIV enters the blood, it invades certain cells of the immune system, including T cells, which help other lymphocytes identify and destroy pathogens.
The viruses take over the cells, cause them to produce new copies of themselves, and the newly produced viruses break out of the cell, destroying them.
The new viruses infect other cells, and then the process repeats itself.

5. HIV and the Human Body
How HIV Attacks Cells

6. HIV Infection and AIDS HIV and the Human Body
HIV infection is progressive; that is, it destroys the cells of the immune system over many months or years.
As the number of viruses increases, the body becomes susceptible to common infections and to opportunistic infections.
Being infected with HIV does not necessarily mean that an individual has AIDS.
AIDS is the advanced stage of HIV infection.

7. Nature of the HIV Virus How HIV Is Transmitted
The HIV organism lives inside cells and body fluids.
It doesn’t survive well in the air or on surfaces such as toilet seats or telephones.
It cannot be transmitted through food.
HIV can be transmitted from an infected person to an uninfected person only through blood, semen, vaginal secretions, and breast milk.

8. Transmitting HIV Through Sexual Intercourse
How HIV Is Transmitted
Transmitting HIV Through Sexual Intercourse
HIV can be transmitted during any form of sexual intercourse.
During intercourse, secretions containing HIV can enter a partner’s blood through tiny cuts in the body.
The risks of HIV infection increase with the number of people with whom a person is or has been sexually active.
Having an STD that causes sores, including chlamydia, genital herpes, gonorrhea, or syphilis, increases the risk of HIV.

9. Transmitting HIV by Sharing Needles
How HIV Is Transmitted
Transmitting HIV by Sharing Needles
If a person who is infected with HIV injects drugs, the needle or syringe can become contaminated with that person’s blood.
Anyone who uses that same needle or syringe can inject HIV directly into his or her bloodstream.
Injections under the skin or in the muscle also can spread HIV.

10. Transmitting HIV from Mother to Baby
How HIV Is Transmitted
Transmitting HIV from Mother to Baby
A pregnant female who is infected with HIV can pass the virus to her baby.
HIV in the mother’s blood can be transmitted through the umbilical cord and during delivery.
Because breast milk can contain HIV, a baby can receive HIV while nursing.

11. Quick Review
Choose the appropriate option.
Q. The rate of HIV infection in the teen population is decreasing because of abstinence from high-risk behaviors such as injecting drugs and engaging in unprotected sexual activity.
True
False

12. Quick Review - Answer
A. False. The rate of HIV infection in the teen population is increasing because of high-risk behaviors such as injecting drugs and engaging in unprotected sexual activity.
Click Next to attempt another question.

13. Quick Review
Choose the appropriate option.
Q. HIV attacks by entering cells of the immune system, where it makes more viruses that break away and attack other cells.
True
False

14. Quick Review - Answer
A. True. HIV attacks by entering cells of the immune system, where it makes more viruses that break away and attack other cells.
Click Next to attempt another question.

15. Choose the appropriate option.
Quick Review
Choose the appropriate option.
Q. HIV is transmitted through sexual intercourse, sharing contaminated needles, and from mother to baby.
True
False

16. Quick Review - Answer
A. True. HIV is transmitted through sexual intercourse, sharing contaminated needles, and from mother to baby.
Click Next to attempt another question.

17. Choose the appropriate option.
Quick Review
Choose the appropriate option.
Q. There is no relationship between unsafe behaviors, refusal skills, and the risk of HIV.
True
False

18. Quick Review - Answer
A. False. There is a direct relationship between unsafe behaviors, refusal skills, and the risk of HIV.
Click Next to attempt another question.

19. End of Lesson 3
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20. HIV Infection Among Teens
Teens at Risk
HIV Infection Among Teens
Teens have one of the fastest growing rates of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection.
Many young adults who are currently dying from acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) were infected in their teens.
Teens who choose abstinence from sexual activity and from injecting drugs greatly reduce their risk of HIV infection.
Acquired immune deficiency syndrome, or AIDS, is a disease in which the immune system of the patient is weakened.

21. HIV Infection Among Teens
Teens at Risk
HIV Infection Among Teens
Teens have one of the fastest growing rates of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection.
Many young adults who are currently dying from acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) were infected in their teens.
Teens who choose abstinence from sexual activity and from injecting drugs greatly reduce their risk of HIV infection.
Human immunodeficiency, or HIV virus, is a virus that attacks the immune system.

22. HIV Infection and AIDS HIV and the Human Body
Opportunistic infection is an infection that occurs in individuals who do not have healthy immune systems.
HIV infection is progressive; that is, it destroys the cells of the immune system over many months or years.
As the number of viruses increases, the body becomes susceptible to common infections and to opportunistic infections.
Being infected with HIV does not necessarily mean that an individual has AIDS.
AIDS is the advanced stage of HIV infection.

23. Quick Review - Answer
A. Correct! The rate of HIV infection in the teen population is increasing because of high-risk behaviors such as injecting drugs and engaging in unprotected sexual activity.
Click Next to attempt another question.

24. Quick Review - Answer
You have answered the question incorrectly. Go back to try again, or click Next to view the correct answer.

25. Quick Review - Answer
A. Correct! HIV attacks by entering cells of the immune system, where it makes more viruses that break away and attack other cells.
Click Next to attempt another question.

26. Quick Review - Answer
You have answered the question incorrectly. Go back to try again, or click Next to view the correct answer.

27. Quick Review - Answer
A. Correct! HIV is transmitted through sexual intercourse, sharing contaminated needles, and from mother to baby.
Click Next to attempt another question.

28. Quick Review - Answer
You have answered the question incorrectly. Go back to try again, or click Next to view the correct answer.

29. Quick Review - Answer
A. Correct! There is a direct relationship between unsafe behaviors, refusal skills, and the risk of HIV.
Click Next to attempt another question.

30. Quick Review - Answer
You have answered the question incorrectly. Go back to try again, or click Next to view the correct answer.