The Civil War 1861-1865

Union and Confederate Resources Union Advantages Confederate Advantages Population Industry supported manufacturing Larger railroad network Strong leader in Lincoln Well-organized navy Set up a blockade Fighting for their survival Strong military leaders like Robert E. Lee War was fought mainly in the South Familiar territory and supplies are closer

Union and Confederate Strategies Confederacy Keep loyal slave states from seceding by not abolishing slavery The Anaconda Plan: Devised by Winfield Scott Blockade southern ports Control the Mississippi River to cut the Confederacy in half This would squeeze the life out of the Confederacy Tire the Union Gain support of Britain and France Needed cotton from the South Never got their help

Early Battles of the War Bull Run/Manassas: victory for the Confederacy under Stonewall Jackson Shocked the North b/c South was supposed to LOSE!!?? Union had to replace the Union General with McClellan and he is later replaced because he failed to capture Richmond (capitol) Battle of Shiloh: the Unions attempt under Ulysses S. Grant to control the Mississippi River 25,000 dead in two days of fighting The Monitor vs. The Virginia: both were plated with iron (ironclad) No clear victor but wooden ships are a thing of the past

African Americans What should the Union do with slaves? Free them?...Lincoln’s suggestion but must wait until a Union victory…Antietam Put them to work? Given the worst jobs Emancipation Proclamation: freed all slaves in states that were still rebelling on Jan 1, 1863 Did not apply to loyal slave states Lincoln hoped it would lead to Southern states surrendering Southerners see there will be no negotiations

Antietam The victory necessary for Lincoln to proclaim emancipation Union General had General Lee’s military plan The bloodiest single day of the Civil War Lee retreats but looses less soldiers

African Americans Fight Bravely Union started to recruit freed slaves Gain respect from white men Sometimes given tedious tasks If captured by the Confederacy they would be killed Southern slaves help Union troops as they pass through Food Spies Scouts

Homefront Lacked the resources to support troops Confederacy Union Lacked the resources to support troops Blockade runners were no longer successful Stopped harvesting cotton and went to food crops Seized Union goods when able Confederate money is worthless Could not deal with the economic hardships Drop in cotton cultivation hurt industry Income taxes Western lands sold extremely cheap Union started a draft that led to Draft Riots Copperheads condemned Lincoln for war actions and wanted the war to stop Lincoln suspended the writ of habeas corpus (holding someone in jail without charging them) to deal with draft dodgers

Soldiers Life Half of Union men fought 4 out of 5 Southern men fought Brother s might fight brothers Boring and monotonous Injuries usually led to amputation Malnutrition

Women and the War “Angels of the Battlefield” Filled the jobs of men while they fought the war Led to women entering professions that had been off limits Most women were nurses Clara Barton will later form the American Red Cross Start to consider sanitation “Angels of the Battlefield”