1. The Civil War

2. Resource Advantages Fighting for their survival: slavery
Union Advantages
Confederate Advantages
Population
Industry supported manufacturing
Larger railroad network
Strong leader in Lincoln
Well-organized navy
Set up a blockade
Fighting for their survival: slavery
Strong military leaders like Robert E. Lee
War was fought mainly in the South
Familiar territory and supplies are closer

3. Strategies Tire the Union Gain support of Britain and France
Confederacy
Keep loyal slave states from seceding by not abolishing slavery (MO, KY, MD, DE)
The Anaconda Plan:
capture capital (Richmond, VA)
control the Mississippi River to cut the Confederacy in half
blockade southern ports
This would squeeze the life out of the Confederacy
Tire the Union
Gain support of Britain and France
Needed cotton from the South
Never got their help

5. Early Battles of the War
First Battle of Bull Run/Manassas
July 1861
Confederate victory under Stonewall Jackson
Shocked the North
Union had to replace the Union General with McClellan (who is later replaced)
Battle of Shiloh
April 1862
an unsuccessful Union attempt to gain control of the Mississippi River

6. The Monitor vs. The Virginia: both were plated with iron (ironclad)
No clear victor but wooden ships are a thing of the past

7. Second Battle of Bull Run (1862)
Southern victory led by General Lee, commander of Confederate Army
18 days later Lee takes his army North, but is intercepted by General George McClellan, General of the US Army

8. Let’s Review! Which of the following was a Southern advantage?
Southerners simply had to defend their land
Southern military leaders devised the Anaconda Plan to end the war quickly
The South possessed factories and railroad lines
Which of the following was an element of the Anaconda Plan?
Blockade of Southern ports
Capture the capitol, Washington, DC
Squeeze the life out of the Union
What was revealed by the outcome of the 1st Battle of Bull Run?
The Southern army was well trained
The North would eventually win
The war would not be short
What was the significance of the Battle of Shiloh?
The Confederacy successfully blocked the Union from taking the Mississippi River.
The Union made an unsuccessful attempt to gain control of the Missouri River.
There is no major significance to the Battle of Shiloh.

9. Antietam (Sept 1862)
The victory necessary for Lincoln to proclaim emancipation
Union General had General Lee’s military plan
The bloodiest single day of the Civil War
Lee retreats but loses less soldiers

10. Emancipation Proclamation, January 1, 1863

11. African Americans What should the Union do with slaves?
Free them?... Lincoln’s suggestion but must wait until a Union victory…Antietam
Put them to work?
Given the worst jobs
Emancipation Proclamation:
freed all slaves in states that were still rebelling on Jan 1, 1863
Did NOT apply to loyal slave states
Lincoln hoped it would lead to Southern states surrendering
Southerners see there will be no negotiations
Gives the war a moral cause

12. African Americans Fight Bravely
Union started to recruit freed slaves…fighting for their freedom
Gain respect from white men
Sometimes given tedious tasks
If captured by the Confederacy they would be killed
Southern slaves help Union troops as they pass through
Food
Spies
Scouts

14. Final Turning Points
Generals Ulysses S. Grant and William T. Sherman capture Vicksburg, MS (1863) [Remember Anaconda Plan]
Vital victory for North  control of the Mississippi River
Union could pass through Confederacy
Dominate the South

15. Battle of Gettysburg (July 1863)
General Lee drove back Union forces in PA
Union took up strong defensive position
After 2 days, Lee unable to break Union lines ordered men to charge at the middle of defense lines
Most soldiers were killed
Confederates retreated to VA
Weakened by death, desertion & hunger
3 day battle
Bloodiest battle in American history, > 50,000 dead

16. Coming to an End
Later that year, Gettysburg Address, honoring all those who died in the battle
Election of 1864 – Lincoln wins re-election over McClellan
Sherman’s March to the Sea
Across GA to the Atlantic Coast, 60 miles
Destroyed EVERYTHING in their path
Burned Atlanta
Troops reach sea to re-supply

17. General Lee knew his army could not continue
April 9, 1865
Lee surrendered at Appomattox Court House, VA

18. April 14, 1865
John Wilkes Booth, southern supporter shot Lincoln at Ford’s Theater, “the south will be avenged”
Lincoln died the next day in the house across from the theater

19. Soldiers Life 4 out of 5 Southern men fought
Brother s might fight brothers
Boring and monotonous
Injuries usually led to amputation
Malnutrition was always a problem

20. Women and the War “Angels of the Battlefield”
Filled the jobs of men while they fought the war
Led to women entering professions that had been off limits
Most women were nurses
Clara Barton will later form the American Red Cross
Start to consider sanitation
“Angels of the Battlefield”

21. Life on the Homefront Could not deal with the economic hardships
Confederacy
Union
Lacked the resources to support troops…mainly shoes
Blockade runners were no longer successful
Stopped harvesting cotton and went to food crops to feed troops
Seized/stole Union goods when able
Confederate money is worthless
Could not deal with the economic hardships
Drop in cotton cultivation hurt industry
Income taxes
Western lands sold extremely cheap
Union started a draft that led to Draft Riots
Copperheads condemned Lincoln for war actions and wanted the war to stop
Lincoln suspended the writ of habeas corpus (holding someone in jail without charging them) to deal with draft dodgers

22. Let’s Review!
What did Sherman’s victory in the siege of Atlanta help to ensure?
Jefferson Davis’ reelection
Passage of the 13th Amendment
Lincoln’s reelection
What was the result of Lee’s surrender?
The war ended immediately
The war continued for several months
Jefferson Davis resigned
What is the significance of the Emancipation Proclamation?
It freed ALL slaves regardless of loyalty to the Union.
It had no importance.
It created a moral cause that Lincoln needed to maintain support for the war.
Why was the surrender of Vicksburg a turning point in the Civil War?
It gave the Union control of the Mississippi River and split the Confederacy.
It marked the surrender of the Confederate capital to Union forces.
It was the largest battle ever fought in North America