Types of ASEXUAL REPRODUCTION

Asexual Reproduction ONE PARENT REPRODUCES OFFSPRING ALOne! Genetic information (DNA) of offspring is IDENTICAL to that of the parent!!! Unless mutations (changes in DNA) occur Occurs in many unicellular organisms and many simple plants and animals Quite rapid and produces MANY offspring!

TYPES of Asexual Reproduction Binary Fission Budding Sporulation Regeneration Vegetative Propogation (natural and artificial)

Binary Fission Equal cytoplasmic AND equal nuclear division (amount of chromosomes) Ex. Protozoans, (amoeba), yeast, bacteria, and many algae

Binary Fission

Binary Fission in paramecium

BUDDING (in Hydra) Unequal cytoplasmic division Equal nuclear division New organisms develop as “buds” off of parent Ex. Hydra and yeast

Budding in hydra and yeast cells

What if?

Sporulation (producing spores) Small specialized cells develop inside the parent cell which bursts, releasing the spores Ex. Yeast and bread molds

Fungal Sporulation on Peaches

Bread mold

Yummy!

REGENERATION The ability to grow and replace body parts or an entire new organism from a part of the original organism starfish, lizards, crabs, lobsters, flatworms small wounds in vertebrates heal this way

Regeneration in Planaria (flatworms)

Regenerating a Lizards Tail!

Vegetative Propagation Artificial Occurs when humans intervene to propagate plants asexually EXAMPLES: Cuttings, grafting Natural Certain plants can reproduce, (propagate) naturally, (on their own) asexually EXAMPLES: Bulbs, runners, tubers

Natural VP Runners A horizontal stem with buds that grow along the ground Where a bud from a runner touches the ground, a new plant grows! Ex. Strawberries!

Bulbs A Short underground stem that contains food Ex. Onions, garlic, tulips, iris

BULBS

Bulbs

Tubers Underground stem that contains stored food “Eyes” develop into tiny buds from which a shoot grows to produce roots

Eat your spuds!

Artificial VP Cuttings Stem, leaf, or root is cut and planted to produce a new individual

Grafting A scion is placed into a stock The scion will grow and become the dominant plant Ex. A seedless orange scion placed into a seed – filled orange stock will yield seedless oranges!

Grafting Stock trunk of tree or original branch Scion A twig from another tree that is placed into the stock of another tree