1. How do organisms reproduce?

2. 1) Who thinks they can define Reproduction? The process by which living things produce other living things like themselves. The production of offspring.

3. 2) What are Chromosomes? XX Structures found in the nucleus of our cells that determine our physical characteristics (traits). They have the genetic information (DNA). cell Found in Nucleus Chromosomes need to be passed onto the offspring. They are the “instructions” for the cell.

4. 3) Types of Reproduction: Asexual Reproduction X Genetic Information (Chromosomes) Parent Offspring Characteristics of Asexual Reproduction: 1) Is the creation of a new individual from only parent. 1 2) Genetic information of offspring is to the parent.identical Clones

5. Do the cells in our body undergo asexual reproduction? Yes 4) When do the cells of our body undergo Asexual Reproduction? Growth Repair

6. Types of Asexual Reproduction: (Mitosis)

7. BINARY FISSION Two equal sized offspring Example: Bacteria & Ameoba

8. Dividing Bacteria less than one minute http://virtuallaboratory.colorado.edu/Biofundamentals/lectur eNotes/Topic5-1_CellDivision.htm

9. Budding (Unicellular) Cytoplasm divides unequally (Parent large and offspring small) Example: yeast (unicellular)

10. Budding (Multicellular) Outgrowth from the body of parent that develops into a complete organism May detach: hydra (multicellular) May remain attached: colony of coral

11. Fragmentation and Regeneration Development of lost parts or growth of an entire new organism from part of original organism Examples: Sea Star and Planaria

12. Planaria Regeneration 2 minute video http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vXN_5SPBPtM

13. Sporulation Specialized cells are released by parents Enclosed in protective capsules Develop into a new individual when environmental conditions are favorable Example: bread mold

14. Vegetative Propagation Roots, stems, & leaves are called vegetative structures. They normally play a role in the nutrition & growth of plants. When they give rise to a new plant, the process is called vegetative propagation.

15. Types of Vegetative Propagation: Natural: 1)Runners 2)Bulbs 3)Tubers 4)Rhizomes Artificial: 1)Cuttings 2)Grafting

16. Runners Sideways stem that has buds above Ground Example: Strawberries

17. Bulbs Underground stem with fleshy leaves which store food Example: Tulip

18. Tuber Underground stem enlarged for storage of food Example: Potatoes

19. Rhizomes Stems that grow sideways underground. New plant can grow from these stems. Example: Ferns

20. Artificial Vegetative Propagation Done by humans Asexual reproduction offspring are genetically identical keep traits that you like Fast Seedless! Why?

21. Cuttings Vegetative part of a plant is cut, and it can develop into a new plant. Root Growth

22. Grafting A cutting from one plant (scion) is attached to The main body of a rooted plant (stock). Example: Apples

23. Apple Tree Grafting 4 minute video http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LTqG8-OhElY

24. ASEXUAL REPRODUCTION No sex cells No sex organs – no ovaries or testes Mitosis used Offspring are clones No variation

25. Brain Pop: Asexual Reproduction 3 minute video https://www.brainpop.com/science/cellularlifeandgenetics/as exualreproduction/

26. 6) What is Sexual Reproduction? It involves the joining of two cells to begin the development of a new individual. These special cells are called: Sex Cells (Gametes)

27. 7) What are the names of these sex cells? Sperm Cell (Male) Egg cell (Female) 8) The joining of a sperm cell with an egg cell is called fertilization.

28. Sexual Reproduction XX + Sperm Egg Offspring A fertilized egg cell is called a Zygote Characteristics of Sexual Reproduction: 1) Is the creation of a new individual from parents.2 2) Offspring are not genetically to the parents.identical

29. We get half our genetic information from mom and half our genetic information from dad 23 Females: Egg cells Males: Sperm cells

30. 9) Asexual vs. Sexual Reproduction 1 Parent Offspring are identical Bacteria, Amoeba, Body Cells Produce Offspring Critical for survival of the species 2 Parents Offspring are not identical Humans, Dogs, Plants Asexual ReproductionSexual Reproduction