1. Methods of Asexual Reproduction This is what it would look like if humans reproduced by fragmentation!

2. Budding A new organism grows on another one and then separates from the parent organism only when it is mature. Examples of organisms that reproduce by budding include: yeasts, sponges and hydra bud

3. Binary Fission Division into two parts (daughter cells) which each daughter cell has the potential to grow to the size of the original cell (parent cell) An example of an organism that reproduces by binary fission is a paramecium. Daughter cells

4. Regeneration When an animal that is capable of regeneration loses a body part, it can grow a replacement part. If the lost body part contains enough genetic information from the parent, it can regenerate into an entirely new organism. Echinoderms and the hydra in molds are examples of organisms that reproduce by regeneration.

5. Fragmentation A new organism grows from a fragment of the parent. Each fragment develops into a mature, fully grown individual. Examples of organisms that reproduce by fragmentation include: molds and planaria.

6. Vegetative Reproduction New individuals are formed without the production of seeds or spores May produce bulbs, tubers or rhizomes (runners) Examples of organisms that reproduce by vegetative reproduction include: tulips, dahlia, strawberries rhizome bulb

7. Vegetative Propagation The production of a new plant from a portion of another plant, such as a stem or branch. Examples of organisms that reproduce by vegetative propagation include: spider plants, potatoes, aloe and various other plants. New spider plant cutting

8. Spores In some organisms, meiosis leads to the formation of haploid spores rather than gametes. These spores grow into multicellular individuals without being fertilized. Examples of organisms that reproduce by forming spores include: mushrooms, molds and ferns spores

9. Asexual Reproduction MethodNumber of Parents GeneticsProsCons Asexual1 parent Identical 100% of genes come from 1 parent No mate Identical to parent Mutations are definite No variety

10. Sexual Reproduction

11. Two parents Genetically speaking, the offspring get info from both parents: ½ from mother (egg) ½ from father (sperm) There are 46 chromosomes in human cells, so 23 from mom + 23 from dad = 46 total

12. Sexual Reproduction Requires sex cells (gametes) –Male sex cell (gamete) – sperm –Female sex cell (gamete) – egg Fertilization is the process in which sperm and egg unite –Chromosomes double Ex) 2 + 2 = 4

13. Cell division by mitosis Mitosis is cell division of body cells Mitosis produces exact copies of the parent cell The new daughter cells have the diploid number of chromosomes

14. Meiosis Cell division that results in the formation of gametes (sex cells) –Sperm and egg –Cells are haploid Cells are NOT identical –Each cell contains half the number of chromosomes but not necessarily the same chromosomes as the others

15. How many chromosomes? Humans have 23 pairs of chromosomes like these The diploid number of chromosomes is 23x2 = 46 Sex cells (gametes) have 23 single chromosomes - the haploid (half) number

16. So……what’s the point? An egg cell is haploid A sperm cell is haploid When they join at fertilization the resulting cell is diploid This makes a full set of instructions to make a new organism!

17. Mitosis vs Meiosis