1. Mitosis & Asexual Reproduction

2. Mitosis
What is it?
A process of cell division in body cells (somatic cells).
Involves one replication and one division of genetic material (DNA)
Results in 2 daughter cells that are identical to each other. They have the same number of chromosomes.

3. How is Mitosis Used? Mitosis is used for: Growth Replacements of cells
Asexual reproduction (in some organisms)

4. What is Reproduction? There are two types:
The production of offspring (new organisms)
There are two types:
Asexual Reproduction – 1 parent
Offspring are genetically
identical to the parent and
to each other.
- Sexual Reproduction – 2 parents
Offspring are genetically different and have different characteristics from parents.

5. Asexual Reproduction
Involves Mitosis – a process of cell division in body cells (somatic cells)
Involves one replication and one division of genetic material (DNA)
Results in two daughter cells that are identical to each other. They have the same number of chromosomes.

6. Mitosis Overview
Telophase
Interphase
Prophase
Anaphase
Metaphase

7. The Phases of Mitosis Remember…IPMAT!! Interphase Prophase Metaphase
Not a true phase of mitosis
Prophase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase

8. The Phases of Mitosis - Interphase
Interphase – the period between cell divisions
Not a true phase of mitosis
The cell grows and carries on normal metabolism
Genetic material (DNA) exists as chromatin
thin thread like coils of DNA.
Chromosomes replicate before division

9. Double stranded chromosomes are held together at the centromere
What is Replication?
Each single stranded chromosome (chromatid) makes an exact copy of itself, resulting in a double stranded chromosome.
This is important to make sure each cell created through mitosis has the same amount of DNA
chromatid
Double stranded chromosomes are held together at the centromere

10. The Phases of Mitosis - Prophase
Chromosomes become visible.
The nuclear membrane disappears.
Spindle fibers form between centrioles (in animal cells only).
Early Prophase
Late Prophase

11. The Phases of Mitosis - Metaphase
Double stranded chromosomes attach to spindle fibers at the centromere.
Chromosomes line up on the equator of the cell.

12. The Phases of Mitosis - Anaphase
spindle fibers shorten, pulling chromatids apart.
cell membrane begins to pinch in (animal cells only).
In plant cells a cell plate will form.

13. The Phases of Mitosis - Telophase
Cell membrane begins to pinch in (animal cells only).
In plant cells a cell plate will form.
Cytokinesis occurs (division of cytoplasm)
New nuclear membranes form
Two new daughter cells are formed with identical nuclei.
Cytokinesis
Resulting Daughter Cells

14. Comparing Mitosis in Plant & Animal Cells
Mitosis looks the same in plant and animal cells, except:
Only animal cells have centrioles
Animal cells pinch in
In plants a cell plate is synthesized to divide cytoplasm.

15. Comparing Mitosis in Plant & Animal Cells
Plant cells develop a cell plate during Telophase
Animal cells have centrioles

16. Mitosis and Disease Cancer:
A group of diseases characterized by an uncontrolled division (mitosis) of abnormal cells.

17. Asexual Reproduction
Asexual Reproduction involves 1 parent and produces genetically identical offspring.
Types:
Binary Fission
Budding
Sporulation
Regeneration
Vegetative Propagation

18. Binary Fission Mitosis followed by equal cytoplasmic division. Ameba
Paramecium

19. Budding Mitosis followed by unequal cytoplasmic division. Hydra Yeast
Parent

20. Sporulation
Special cells called spores are released from the parent and can develop into new individuals in a favorable environment.
Bread Mold

21. Regeneration
Planaria (worms)
Sea Stars

22. Vegetative Propagation
New plants develop from the roots, stems, or leaves of another plant.
Occurs in some multicellular plants

23. Types of Vegetative Propagation
Tubers (Potatoes)
Cuttings
Bulbs
Runners

24. Vegetative Propagation
Grafting – part of one plant (scion) is attached to another plant (stock).
Stock
Multi-grafted Citrus Tree
Scion

25. PROPHASE
PROPHASE
INTERPHASE
ANAPHASE
PROPHASE
METAPHASE
INTERPHASE
ANAPHASE
TELOPHASE

26. Photos of 5 Stages