1. Reproduction

2. Reproduction Sexual Reproduction
Organisms produce new organisms like themselves
Sexual Reproduction
Two cells (gametes) involved and the two cells combine to form one cell (zygote)
Two parents produce offspring that share characteristics of both parents
Usually occurs in plants, animals, and most multicellular organisms

3. Benefits of Sexual Reproduction
Produce offspring with genetic material from both parents which creates a great variety in the species
More adaptations in species allow for greater adaptation to changes in the environment
In species where males help raise the offspring, it is possible to produce more offspring with a greater chance of survival

4. Disadvantages of Sexual Reproduction
Organisms reproduce more slowly and take longer to colonize
Sexual population grows twice as slowly as the asexually producing one
If a mate is not found, the female’s egg is wasted
Parents often have to raise the offspring/offspring are not self-sufficient

5. Asexual Reproduction
Reproduction in which a single parent produces offspring that are genetically identical to the parent. It’s a clone.
One cell is involved (mitosis)

6. Benefits of Asexual Reproduction
Allow the plant to reproduce even when conditions are not right for seed germination
Organisms can produce more offspring more quickly
Population grows twice as fast increasing the survival rate
Parent does not waste time or energy looking for a mate

7. Disadvantages of Asexual Reproduction
*Organisms are identical so it is easy for them to get wiped out because they have the same genes.
* Fewer adaptations because offspring is identical to parent

8. Types of Asexual Reproduction
** put picture of binary fission
Binary fission- Cell divides into two
cells. Example- bacteria

9. More asexual reproduction
**Put picture of Hydra
Budding -A new organisms pinches off and grows from the body of the parent organism Example- hydra
**Put Picture of the starfish.
Regeneration- Part of an organism breaks off and then develops into a new individual identical to the parent .
Example- sea stars.

10. Vegetative Propagation
The production of plants from parts of plants.
It does not involve the formation of flowers, seeds, or fruit.
The stems or roots of the plant produces a new plant

11. Vegetative Propagation
**Put pictures of potatoes.
Tuber- underground stems, or tubers, can produce new plants after a dormant season
A potato is a tuber, or underground stem. The “eyes” of potatoes are buds that can grow into new plants (pg. 191).
** picture of bulbs and rhizoids in Iris.
** Bulbs in onions
**add rhizoids or rhizomes in ferns

12. More plant pictures
**Put in picture of runners in strawberries
Runners- above ground stems from which new plants can grow are called runners.
The strawberry plant produces runners or stems that grow horizontally along the ground.
Buds along the runners take root and grow into new plants.

13. Plant cuttings
** put picture of cutting in geraniums
Cuttings- Plant cuttings are small pieces of a mother plant that are cut off and rooted, to produce new identical plants.
Identical traits of the mother plant.
(Unlike growing plants from seed, where the resulting plant could have some traits of either parent plant.)

14. Grafting and layering
** put picture of grafting in trees
Grafting- To unite (a shoot or bud) from one plant, with a growing plant by insertion or by placing in close contact.
**Put picture of layering
Layering- The development of roots on a stem while the stem is still attached to the parent plant.

15. More Asexual Reproduction
Spores- form part of the life cycles of many plants, algae, fungi and protozoa.
Asexual and sexual reproduction

16. And it continues
Artificial Insemination - is the process of collecting sperm cells from a male animal and manually depositing them into the reproductive tract of a female.