Chapter 14 Section 1 The Crusades

JERUSALEM Present day ________ of ________

WHY IS IT HOLY FOR ALL THREE _______________FAITHS?

CHRISTIANS FAITH CHURCH OF THE HOLY SEPULCHER Believed to be the place where Jesus was __________ and ___________

MUSLIMS FAITH _________ ____ ____ _________ _________ ____ ____ _________ Believed to be the place where ______________ died and ascended into heaven

JEWISH FAITH King __________Temple 10 Century BCE Wall all that remains

_________ of the Crusades Seljuq Turks gained control of the Palestine-“Holy Land” Pope _____________ calls on church leaders and feudal lords to __________ Wear the “________________” into battle

Why did they join? _____________ European Crusaders- “marked with the cross” Save their ___________ (go to heaven if they died on crusade) Some knights hoped to gain ______________________ Merchants went to make money

The First Crusade (____-____) French and Italian forces travel through the Byzantine Empire to ___________ Difficult trip due to: _______ and ___________ clothing, lack of food and water Surround the city of ______________; capture and massacre the ___________ and ___________ _______________

“The population was put to the sword by the Franks, who pillaged for a week….the Franks slaughtered more than ___________ people, among them a large number of ________ and _____________ scholars who had left their homelands to live in the pious seclusion of the Holy Place.” Ibn al-Athir- Arab Historian

The First Crusade: Results Much of the Holy Land under ____________ control Feudal system is introduced in the area Trade ___________ between Europe and the Holy Land Christians and Muslims begin to __________ each other Many Europeans adopt ___________ ___________, ___________, and _______ After the successful siege of Jerusalem in 1099, Godfrey of Bouillon, leader of the First Crusade, became the first ruler of the Kingdom of Jerusalem.

The Second Crusade _______ the Turkish Muslims reunited their forces King Louis VII (_________) and the German king, Conrad III, led separate armies across Europe Combined, they attempted but failed to capture the city of __________ Return to Europe in ________ Louis VII arrives in Antioch

The Third Crusade Muslim leader ________ gained control of _____________ Armies were led by: Holy Roman Emperor __________________ King Philip II of ____________ King Richard I of _____________ Richard gains a truce; allows for _________ control of some towns along the Palestinian coast and to enter Jerusalem freely The elderly Holy Roman Emperor Frederick I Barbarossa responded to the call immediately. He took up the Cross at Mainz Cathedral on March 27, 1188 and was the first to set out for the Holy Land in May 1189 with an army of about 100,000 men, including 20,000 knights.[2] An army of 2,000 men from the Hungarian prince Géza, the younger brother of the king Béla III of Hungary also went with Barbarossa to the Holy Land.[5] The Byzantine Emperor Isaac II Angelus made a secret alliance with Saladin to impede Frederick's progress in exchange for his empire's safety. Meanwhile, the Sultanate of Rum promised Frederick safety through Anatolia, but after much raiding Frederick lost patience and on May 18, 1190, the German army sacked Iconium, the capital of the Sultanate of Rüm. Nevertheless Frederick's horse slipped on June 10, 1190, while crossing the Saleph River throwing him against the rocks. He then drowned in the river. After this, much of his army returned to Germany, in anticipation of the upcoming Imperial election. His son Frederick of Swabia led the remaining 5,000 men to Antioch. There, the emperor's body was boiled to remove the flesh, which was interred in the Church of St. Peter; his bones were put in a bag to continue the crusade. In Antioch, however, the German army was further reduced by fever. Young Frederick had to ask the assistance of his kinsman Conrad of Montferrat to lead him safely to Acre, by way of Tyre, where his father's bones were buried. Pilgrams in the Holy Land

Fourth Crusade Pope _______________ gathers French Knights Venetians provide the ____ for travel Encourage crusaders to attack Zadar and Constantinople Both cities are ____________ Venetians gain control of Zadar and the Byzantine _________ Conquest of Constantinople by Crusaders

____________’s Crusade Young people are organized to march and take over the “Holy Land” for Christianity Lack of training, equipment, and supplies Becomes a ________, ________________ Some were sent home by the ________, some were tricked into _____________