Intro to Psychology Unit 1.

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Intro to Psychology Unit 1

Quick Write What is Psychology? What do you think it is? Give this your best shot. What do you think it is? What do you think you will learn in this class?

-Trephining = early form of “therapy” -Occurred during the Neolithic Period (6500 BC)

Ancient Greeks: Philosophy of Thought (400 BC) “The School of Athens” ~ Raphael

Plato Founder of the Academy (1st college) Aristotle Contributed to many Arts & Sciences Hippocrates Father of Medicine

Life Before Psychology The Middle (Dark) Ages – Inquisition (400-1800 AD) The Renaissance – Enlightenment (1300 – 1800 AD) Salem Witch Trials (1690’s AD)

Life Before Psychology Continued.. Philosophy asks questions about the mind: Does perception accurately reflect reality? How is sensation turned into perception? *Problem = No “scientific” way of studying problems Physiology asks similar questions about the mind but with a biological perspective (chemicals, etc.) *THE SCIENTIFIC METHOD Predicts what will happen Systematically observe events Do events support the predictions?

Psychology Is Born First Experimental Psych Lab (1879) Focused on the scientific study of the mind. Wundt insists that Psych methods be as rigorous as the methods of other sciences. Wundt began to study humans in a lab. Wundt’s students start labs across USA (1880-1900) Wilhelm Wundt (1832-1920) Johns Hopkins Harvard University Yale University Columbia University Cornell University Stanford University

Father of American Psychology & Functionalist Psychology (pre-1920’s) Wilhelm Wundt (1832-1920) Physiologist & Perceptual Psychologist Founder of Psychology as a Science Structuralist Father of American Psychology & Functionalist William James (1842-1910) Philosopher & Psychologist Formed Psychology at Harvard

Structuralism vs Functionalism Analyze consciousness into basic elements and study how they are related - Introspection = a method of self-observation of one’s own conscious experiences Wilhelm Wundt Functionalism Investigate the function, or purpose of consciousness rather than its structure William James (1842-1910)

Mental Processes cannot Behaviorism Scientific Psychology should focus on observable facts & behavior. Psych the Science of Behavior Mental Processes cannot be studied directly John Watson (1878-1958) Stimulus- Response Psychology Ivan Pavlov

Behaviorism Psychology (1920s-1960s) Psychology Science of Observable John B. Watson (1878-1958) Watson believed that a person’s behavior was a product of his/her experiences as opposed to their internal mental state All behavior is a result of conditioning

Freud & Psychoanalysis Proposes the idea of the “UNCONSCIOUS” Thoughts, memories & desires exist below the conscious awareness and exert an influence on our behavior Unconscious is expressed in dreams & “slips of the tongue” Sigmund Freud (1856-1939) Psychoanalytic Theory attempts to explain personality, mental disorders & motivation in terms of unconscious determinants of behavior

Freud’s Concept of the Unconscious Freud believed that our minds were divided into conscious, subconscious and unconscious behaviors. -He believed these behaviors looked like an iceberg (with only a small part of our conscious self exposed to the world) and a large component of our minds buried or hidden beneath. Psychoanalysis – is a method that involves bringing unconscious conflicts and unresolved issues to the surface to be dealt with

The Women of Psychology Mary Calkins - student of William James at Harvard but was not awarded a Ph.D. -Founded the psych lab at Wellesley College (1891) Margaret Washburn - first woman to receive a Ph.D. in Psychology. Wrote The Animal Mind, which helped begin the Behaviorist movement. Leta Hollingworth - Debunked popular theories that suggested women were inferior to men. -Did pioneering work on adolescent development, mental retardation & “gifted” children.

Humanistic Psychology Carl Rogers (1902-1987) Was the founder of humanistic psychology Represents the idea that we value positive self-regard, or self-esteem & without this self-regard we feel small and helpless and we fail.

Types of Work In Psychology Field Universities & Colleges 27.2% Elementary/ Secondary Schools 4.2% Independent Practice 33.1% Hospitals, Counseling, Clinics, etc. 22.3% Business, Government or Consulting 12.1%

Which theory of psychology do you agree with the most & why? Table Talk Which theory of psychology do you agree with the most & why? Functionalist, behaviorist, structuralist, humanistic, etc.