1. INTRODUCTION TO PSYCHOLOGY

2. At the end of this Chapter you should be able to:
What is Psychology? (DEF.)
• The scientific study of behavior and mental processes. – Physical state – Mental state – Environment
• Behavior = outward or avert actions and reactions
– Talking, facial expressions and movement
• Mental Process = Thinking, feeling and remembering

3. Psychology’s Goals • Description – What is happening?
• Explanation – Why is it happening? – Theory – Testing
• Prediction – When will it happen again? – Probably throughout academic experience

4. Psychology is the scientific study of our thoughts, feelings and behaviors.
It started with strong link with physics and philosophy
The first psychologists were philosopher

5. Different Approaches in Psychology
An approach or perspective in psychology is a particular view as to why, and how, it is we think, feel, and behave as we do.

6. perspective in psychology (fields)

7. 1.Behavioral Behavioral Psychology : Focuses on learned behaviors
Driving
Learning maths, scinces, and others.

8. 2.Biological The biological perspective :
Study mental state. Focuses on the role of biology (genetics, neurotransmitters, hormones, and the brain) on human behavior and mental processes

9. 3.Evolutionary
Evolutionary psychology focus on how evolution has shaped the mind and behavior. Focuses on adaptation and survival as the basis of behavior and mental processes

10. 4.Social-cultural
The study of how the social situations and the cultures in which people find themselves influence thinking and behavior

11. 5.Developmental
Developmental psychology, also known as Human Development, is the scientific study of progressive psychological changes that occur in human beings as they age.

12. 6.Psychoanalytic
Sigmund Freud was the founder of the psychoanalytic approach to psychology. This school of thought emphasized the effect of the unconscious mind on behavior.

13. 7.Cognitive
Focus on our information processes of perception, attention, language, memory, and thinking, and how they influence our thoughts, feelings and behaviors.

14. History of PSYCHOLOGY.
1. Wilhelm Wundt ( ) Germany – Father of Psychology
– 1st in movement to make psychology a science
– 1st true experimental lab in psychology
Structuralism

15. History of PSYCHOLOGY E.B. Titchener (1867 – 1927) (USA) Structuralism
– Student of Wilhelm Wundt
– Analyze sensations, images and feelings into basic elements

16. History of PSYCHOLOGY 3. William James (1842 – 1910) Functionalism
The functionalists based their ideas on the work of Darwin, and their approaches led to the field of evolutionary psychology.
• No longer a major perspective

17. History of PSYCHOLOGY 4. Sigmund Freud (1856-1939) Psychoanalysis
– Neurologist
Theory of personality
- a type of psychotherapy that emphasizes unconscious or repressed motives(دوافع مكبوته) and conflicts(الصراعات)

18. History of PSYCHOLOGY
– Depression& anxiety had mental not physical causes
–This distress due to conflict and emotional traumas in childhood
• His theory used in modified form

19. 5.Behaviorism
is an approach to psychology based on the proposition that behavior can be studied and explained scientifically without recourse to internal mental states. Psychologists that use behaviorism are concerned mainly with muscular movements and glandular secretions.

20. 6.Gestalt Psychology
is a theory of mind and brain that proposes that the operational principle of the brain is holistic(شمولي), parallel, and analog(تناظري), with self-organizing tendencies. It has a particular interest in perceptual (ادراكي)problems and how they can be interpreted

21. Quiz on Lec.1 1.Define each of the following: a. Psychology.
b. Behavior.
2.Enumrate 4 perspective of psychology and describe one of them.
3.Put( √) or( x) and correct the wrong one:-
c. Depression& anxiety had physical causes according to theory of personality
b. Wilhelm Wundt made the 1st true experimental lab in psychology
c. Sigmund Freud was philosopher.