1. Introduction to Psychology
Historical Figures

2. René Descartes  Abraham Maslow
1. Complete the following notecards (you will have 20 minutes):
René Descartes  Abraham Maslow
(cards 1-15)
2. Find a way to group the cards that will help you remember them.
3. Discussion and review game to follow.

3. Hippocrates (460 BC-370 BC)
Greek physician, traditionally regarded as the father of medicine.
Believed mind/soul resides in brain, but has no physical substance
First known proponent of mind-body dualism
The mind and body are separate entities

4. Plato (Approx. 427 BC-348 BC) Also believed in dualism.
Who we are and what we know are innate (inborn).
Some knowledge not obtainable simply by observing the physical world.

5. Aristotle (384 BC-322 BC) Student of Plato.
Believed that the mind/soul results from anatomy and physiological processes
Monoism: The mind and body are not separate.
Reality best studied by observation.
Who we are and what we know are derived from experience/physical world.

6. René Descartes (1596-1650) Defended mind-body dualism.
Physical world subject to observable laws and rules.
World and creatures are machines.
Humans are the exception because we have minds.

7. John Locke (1632-1704) Believed mind a body are one (like Aristotle)
Knowledge comes from observation and experience.
We are born as blank slates (tabula rasa)

8. Dorthea Dix ( )
American activist on behalf of the mentally insane (terminology used at the time).
Lobbied Congress to create first generation of mental asylums.

9. Wilhelm Wundt (1832-1920) Father of Psychology
Founded first psychological laboratory in Leipzig, Germany in 1879
School of structuralism
Used introspection

10. Edward Titchener(1867-1927) Student of Wilhelm Wundt
School of structuralism
Used introspection

11. Structuralism
Focused on identifying the structural elements of the human mind (what it’s made up of):
Sensations
Feelings
Images

12. Introspection
Method used by structuralists (created by Wundt and Titchener) to discover the structures of the mind.
Involves looking inward and reporting what you see, experience, and feel when exposed to certain stimuli. What are your immediate sensations, your images, your feelings?

13. G. Stanley Hall (1846-1924) American psychologist
Set up lab employing introspection
Helped found American Psychological Association

14. William James ( )
Wrote first psychology textbook called Principles of Psychology
School of functionalism

15. Functionalism
Focused on how the mind works and how psychological findings can be applied to real-life situations.
The goal was to explain behavior.

16. Mary Whiton Calkins (1863-1930)
First female to complete all PhD requirements at Harvard
Was denied degree because of gender
First female president of the American Psychological Association

17. Margaret Floy Washburn (1871-1939)
First female to earn PhD in psychology
Second female president of the American Psychological Association

18. Sigmund Freud (1856-1939) Established school of psychoanalysis
Believed unconscious thoughts and early childhood experiences influence behavior.

19. Ivan Pavlov (1849-1936) Pioneered the study of learning
Conducted learning experiments with dogs

20. John B. Watson ( )
Established the school of Behaviorism

21. B.F. Skinner (1904-1990) Behaviorist
Conducted behavior research using punishment and reinforcement

22. Carl Rogers ( )
One of the leading humanistic psychologists

23. Abraham Maslow (1908-1970) One of the leading humanistic psychologists
Believed human needs were arranged in a hierarchy