The Industrial Revolution Standard 7-3.4

The Agricultural (Farming) Revolution Enclosure movement – Parliament passed new laws allowing land owners to fence their land. Forced villagers/peasants to move to the cities Landowners were able to plant a single crop (bigger profits) or turned the land into pasture for grazing sheep Other farming changes: Crop rotation kept soil fertile – better crops Invention of the seed drill – seeds in rows, not scattered Stronger horses, fatter sheep and cattle for meat

Capital and Labor Landowners were making more money off of the land, so they had more money (capital) to invest in other businesses. More individuals living in the cities provide a larger workforce. Better farming and breeding animals increased the food supply. Bigger food supply = bigger population= bigger workforce

Natural Resources and Markets Great Britain’s rivers provide transportation for trade and waterpower for machines. Huge supplies of coal and iron. Coal – source of fuel for machines Iron – used to build machines and make steel

Rise of the Factory System OLD STYLE NEW STYLE “Cottage Industry” Merchants went from cottage to cottage dropping off wool. Works spun the wool in their home with a spinning wheel. Merchant would return to pick up the cloth and sell it. “Factory System” Factories were created where machines aided in the production of goods at a faster rate

The Goal of the Factory system: 1. Make more of a product 2 The Goal of the Factory system: 1. Make more of a product 2. Make the product faster Result: More Money Made!!!

Great Britain produced ½ the world’s coal and manufactured products. Stiff competition from the United States, Germany, and Japan

Economic Impact of Industrialism Growth of Cities – overcrowding, unsanitary conditions, suburbs created Industrial capitalism – private individuals, not the government, owns businesses (free enterprise) Partnerships in businesses – corporations form and profit sharing begins with stockholders Industrial Working Class – people work 16 hours a day, 6 days a week in unsafe conditions in factories Trade unions form – workers join together to improve pay, working conditions, and worker rights Uses strikes (refusal to work) to get their way Economic Impact of Industrialism

Political Impact of the Industrial Revolution Capitalism Socialism Competition between businesses led to ingenuity. Supply and Demand determined prices. Supporters of capitalism against minimum wage laws and better working conditions. Big difference between the rich and poor. Laissez-faire – government should stay out of business The idea that gov’t should own and control the factories, land, capital (money) and raw materials. More evenly distribute the wealth according to need to promote equality and end poverty. Karl Marx (The Communist Manifesto) – wrote that the workers should have a revolution to overthrow the owners. Proletariat (workers)