New England Colonies John Winthrop- first governor of Massachusetts Thomas Hooker formed colony of Connecticut Puritans practiced strict religious authority Roger Williams founded Rhode Island Toleration was practiced and all white men were given the right to vote

Society and Government in New England In this region, hunting, fishing, and whaling became large industries. Puritans - had 7-8 children per family. used town meetings to decide laws in this region. Sunday was very important. Church ALL day

Middle Colonies New York, Delaware, New Jersey, Pennsylvania • The Dutch surrendered New Netherland (New York) to the English proprietary colonies : King gives land to one or more people (proprietors) Quakers spoke out against war and refused to serve in the army. William Penn wanted Pennsylvania to be a model of religious freedom

Middle Colonies society Farmers created surpluses of wheat, barley, and rye -Included colonies known as “Breadbasket colonies” backcountry: the area of land along the eastern Appalachian Mountains

Southern Colonies • Virginia, Maryland, North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia • The proprietor of the first colony was Lord Baltimore. Act of Toleration was created to ensure religious freedom for Christians. Bacon’s Rebellion : angry settlers who wanted land raided Native American villages and burned down the capital of Jamestown

Southern colonies- culture Settlers learned to grow indigo to make a valuable blue dye. Georgia was founded by James Oglethorpe to be a haven for people who owed money they could not pay back. Much tobacco and rice were grown on plantations Slavery and racism grew.

Trade in New England Import: goods brought into a country Exports: goods sent to markets outside a country Legislature: group of people who make laws English Bill of Rights: A written list freedoms promised by the government ***Mercantilism: theory that a country becomes strong by building up its gold supply and expanding trade

Triangular Trade

Trade with Britain Finished products to sell to colonists England 13 Colonies -Raw Materials -wood -non-perishable foods/goods -metal

Social Ranking for colonists Gentry wealthy planters, merchants, ministers, successful lawyers, royal officials Middle Class farmers, skilled craftsworkers, some tradespeople Lower Class farmhands, indentured servants—people who signed contracts to work without wages in return for their ocean passage—and slaves

Great Awakening What is it??? -religious movement that touched many people -Preachers (Jonathan Edwards, George Whitfield) talked about education not being as important as a heart filled with the holy spirit Effect: -Many new churches -people begin to tolerate religious differences -People become more interested in independence than education *Public Schools are created in Massachusetts

Enlightenment -1600’s in Europe: Scientists use logic and reason to understand the world Scientific Method -In the 13 Colonies Enlightenment ideas spread among the wealthy Benjamin Franklin invented lightening rod & bifocal glasses