1. The Colonies Grow
Life in the COlonies

2. Objective
TSWBAT analyze government and culture in the colonies by comparing beliefs and ideas.

3. Main ideas
The Colonists drew their ideas about citizens’ rights and how to govern from Great Britain.
Great Britain viewed its North American Colonies as an economic resource.
Three types of Colonial Government styles developed as the Colonies grew: Charter; Proprietary; Royal Colonies.

4. English colonial rule
England established a style of government over a number of centuries that gave certain citizens a say in law making:
The Magna Carta in 1215 (Limited the power of the monarch – King John – and allowed a parliament of nobles to form.)
The English Bill of Rights 1689 guaranteed:
Certain rights to citizens: trial by jury; freedom of speech; protection of the law.
Certain jobs could only be performed by Parliament – and not the monarch: set taxes; raise armies; make laws
Toleration Act of 1689 gave greater freedom of religion to English citizens.

5. English colonial rule
American colonists shared this heritage with the English.
As the Colonies grew, Colonists adopted these ideas about:
Citizens’ rights
Freedom of speech
Freedom of religion
Representative government
Protection of the law.

6. Colonies as a Resource
Britain saw her Colonies as a source of raw materials. What raw materials were produced in the Colonies?
The idea emerged that the Colonies were there for the benefit of Britain.
Rice, cotton, indigo, wheat, rum, sugar, tobacco, wood.

7. Colonies as a Resource
We can explain this by looking at the concept mercantilism.
Economic theory adopted by powerful nations
Wealthy and powerful nations needed to increase their supply of gold
This could be done by ensuring their trade balance with other nations was favorable to them
Powerful nations acquired colonies where they could cheaply import raw materials, and secure markets in the colonies to export their finished goods.

8. Colonies as a Resource
The aims was always to make a profit from exports to the colonies.
Britain needed to protect their rightful access to markets in the American markets (and prevent other nations like France or Spain from gaining access to American markets), so between 1651 and 1673 she passed a number of laws called the Navigation Acts.
The Navigation Acts prevented American Colonies from selling their goods (like sugar or tobacco) to nations outside the British Empire and Colonists could not use foreign ships to transport their goods to Britain.

9. Colonies as a Resource
Colonists were not happy with these restrictions and many turned to smuggling.
Conflict over trade proved to be an issue that drove the Colonies and Britain further apart during the 18th century.

10. Colonial Government
As the Colonies grew and expanded, they relied more on their own governments to make local laws.
Britain adopted a policy known as salutary neglect: healthy neglect.
Three different types of governmental styles emerged throughout the 1700s:
Charter Proprietary Royal

11. Types of Colonial government
Charter Colonies
Proprietary Colonies
Royal Colonies
Examples
Connecticut; Rhode Island
Delaware; Maryland; Pennsylvania
Georgia; Massachusetts; New Hampshire; New Jersey; New York; N. Carolina; S. Carolina; Virginia
Role of Britain
Granted charter to form a settlement.
Had the right to approve the elected governor.
British government granted land to individuals who wanted to form a colony.
British government directly ruled them.
King appointed the governor and council (upper house)
Governor and council did as British gov’t wanted.
Role of Colonists
Elected their own governor.
Elected the members to their legislature.
Governor could not veto acts of legislature
Proprietors owned the colony.
They were free to rule the colony as they wished.
Proprietors appointed the governor and upper house.
Lower house of legislature was elected by colonists
Colonists elected the lower house (assembly)

12. Voting Rights
Colonial legislatures only gave some people a voice in government.
White men who owned property had the right to vote.
Who could not vote? Predict.
Women
Indentured servants
African slaves

13. An Emerging Culture
From the 1720s and 1740s a religious revival spread through the colonies called the Great Awakening.
A stronger sense of faith spread through the northern and middle colonies.
Jonathon Edwards and George Whitfield were pastors who led this movement.

14. Family Ties Men were formal heads of the household.
Women cooked, sewed, looked after the animals and house.
Families sent their sons to be learn a trade. They were apprentices.
Women in cities sometimes had jobs outside the home.
Women who had never married could own property and run businesses, even though they could not vote.

15. Summary