Nationalism Rise of War Machines

Quote of the Day Beware of sentimental alliances where the consciousness of good deeds is the only compensation for noble sacrifices. Otto von Bismarck (1815 - 1898),

Objectives Describe the unification of Italy Describe the unification of Germany Explain how nationalism affects empires

Essential Question How did nationalism change Europe in the late 1800’s?

I Can… I understand Otto von Bismarck’s beliefs. I can identify what empire united all German states. I can identify which two nations were the strongest by 1871.

Nationalism Changes Europe

Nation-State Nationalism – belief that one’s loyalty should be to a nation of people who share a common culture and history The idea of equality sparked a sense of National pride When the nation had its own independent government it became a nation-state

Nationalism Shakes up Empires Nationalism destroyed empires Create new stronger states.

Austro-Hungarian Empire

Austro-Hungarian Empire Controlled many nationalities Each wanting independence Austro Prussian War - Lost control of Northern German Federation Nationalism constant problem

Unification of Italy

Sardinia Largest and most powerful kingdom in Italy Italy’s only hope for unification

Camillo di Cavour Sardinia’s Prime Minister Aligned with Napoleon III Captured Northern Italy

Giuseppe Garibaldi Captured Sicily Captured Southern Italy South voted to join North Ruled by the King of Sardinia Sardinia

Vatican City Last territory not unified Left to the Pope Italy is unified

Unification of Germany

Prussia Mostly a German population Most powerful army in Central Europe Sparked German Nationalism

Problems with in Prussia 1848 Berlin Riots Creation of constitution Creation of Parliament

King Wilhelm I Ask for money to increase Army size of army Refused money Junkers – conservative political party

Otto von Bismarck Junker Appointed Prime Minister Realpolitik – tough politics Given absolute power “The Questions of the day will not be settled by speeches or majority decisions – but by blood and iron”

Crafty Bismarck Formed an alliance with Austria Captured Holstein and Schleswig Bismarck provoked Austria into declaring war on Prussia 7 weeks war – Prussia was easily able to defeat Austria Forced Austria to give up land to Italy Prussia gained more German territory

Franco-Prussian War

Franco-Prussian War Few German states had not joined Prussia Bismarck tricked France into declaring war on Prussia Prussia surrounded the French army and captured Napoleon III Prussia forced Paris to surrender. Germany is Unified King Wilhelm I declared himself Kaiser. Second Reich