1. The Unification of Italy and Germany
1850s-1870s

2. Nationalism
Belief that loyalty should be to a nation of people who share a common culture & history

4. Revolutions of 1848
Mid 1800s a serious of revolutions occur throughout Europe
Nationalism is the main driving force
France sets of other revolutions through out Europe

5. Crimean War: Russia vs Ottoman Empire
Ottomans control most of Balkans
Russia wants to expand into Balkans
If Russia succeeds they will be a major power in East Europe
1853- Russia invades Turkish Balkans
Ottomans declare War
1854- Great Britain and France declare war on Russia
1856- Heavy losses. Russia seeks peace. Treaty of Paris.

6. Crimean War Results
Austria now enemies with Russia for not siding with them.
Russia no longer strongest power in Europe
Allows for unification of Italy and Germany

7. Germany

8. German Unification
Napoleon forces the annexation of several German Lands
German people call for unification
A short lived confederation is set up (Metternich)

9. Otto Von Bismark From the Prussian Empire
Succeeds in Unifying the German States with a series of wars
Goal was to make Prussia more powerful
He would best achieve this by unifying the German States

10. Prussia’s Prime Minister
Otto von Bismarck (1862)
Ignores Legislature: increases taxes
Raises powerful army

11. Prussia defeats Denmark (north) with Austrian help
Drive Austria into war. Prussia turns on Austria and takes Austrian Territory (north)
Northern Germany is Formed
Franco-Prussian War: war with the French now gives Prussia control of Southern Germany
France is no longer the major power in Europe
Germany is united. Most powerful country in Europe.
Economically and Militarily Superior

12. Germany

14. Italy

15. Unification of Italy: 9 states
Austria strongest country on Italian peninsula
Revolution fails
Piedmont leads unification under King Victor Emmanuel II
Emmanuel names Camillo Cavour Prime Minister, creates large army
Piedmont Allies with French. Provoke Austrians into war.
Austrians lose: French take Nice, Savoy (north area)
Austrians still control Venetia (north east)

16. Italy

17. Southern Italy
Giuseppe Garibaldi unites (Sicily and Naples: South)
Is able to conquer Tuscany
Italy is now united except for French controlled Rome (center) and Austrian controlled Venetia (north east)
Garibaldi gives conquered lands to Piedmont
Venetia given to Italy for support of Prussia in war against Austria
Franco-Prussian war: French lose Rome to Prussia
Rome becomes capital of Italy