1. Napoleon’s Grand Empire and Nationalism

2. I. Spread of Nationalism
Nationalism: The cultural identity of a people; pride in one’s own country based on shared customs and a common history.
Cause and Effects: Enlightenment – American Revolution – French Revolution – French Empire – European Nationalism

3. II. Napoleon Bonaparte Role in the Revolution
Young Corsican artillery commander
Rises in the ranks fighting the Austrians
Develops a reputation as a general in Austria and Egypt
Takes part in a Coup d’etat, becoming First Consul of France

4. II. Napoleon Bonaparte Role in the French Government
As First Consul for Life he conquers most of Europe except Britain and Russia
Defeated by Lord Horatio Nelson at Battle of Trafalgar (1st Defeat)
Unsuccessfully forbade countries in Europe to trade with Britain (Continental Plan)
Invaded Russia in 1812 and was defeated – exiled to Elba
Returned to France and was defeated at Waterloo by the Duke of Wellington and exiled to St. Helena

5. III. Napoleonic Reforms
French Empire spreads ideas
Legal: new legal system based on Enlightenment & religious toleration, right to choose career, equality before the law
Social: Built state-schools, ended serfdom and 3 estates
Political: created government bureaucracy based on merit not noble birth & reduced power of Catholic Church
Economic: Set up Bank of France to hold/track tax money & required everyone to pay taxes

7. IV. Nationalism in Italy
Camillo de Cavour led the unification of the northern Italian states
he was the prime minister of the kingdom of Piedmont-Sardinia – the largest and most powerful Italian state
With French help unites Piedmont and Lombardy

8. IV. Nationalism in Italy
Giuseppe Garibaldi led revolts in southern Italy using guerilla warfare (hit and run).
Gained control of Sicily
Gained control of Naples (Southern Italy)

9. IV. Nationalism in Italy
King Victor Emmanuel II – king of Piedmont- Sardinia and will be first king of a unified Italy

10. V. Nationalism in Germany
German Confederation
39 loosely joined states
Austria and Prussia largest and most powerful
Prussia
Ruled by Wilhelm I and had support of conservative Prussian nobles called Junkers

11. V. Nationalism in Germany
Otto von Bismarck – “Iron Chancellor”
Prime Minister (Chancellor) of Prussia
“Power behind the throne”
“Realpolitik” – Politics of reality
Power politics without any notions of a perfect world – no room for idealism
Speeches decide nothing – only hard work and real effort “blood and iron”
Led efforts to unify Germany “Realpolitik in action”

12. V. Nationalism in Germany
Franco –Prussian War
Napoleon III declared war on Prussia in July of 1870
May of 1871, France was defeated and Napoleon III was captured
German states rallied behind Prussia and united to form the German Empire
Wilhelm I becomes Kaiser (Emperor/Caesar) of a united Germany
Bismarck becomes Chancellor of the German Empire