1. Unification

2. Role of Nationalism
Many groups started to feel pride in their ethnicity
This caused some to want freedom from a foreign ruler
It caused other groups of common ethnicity (same culture, history, religion…) to want to join together and form one country

3. Italian Unification

4. Italian Nationalism Italy was fragmented in many small provinces
Austria controlled several provinces in Northern Italy
Many Italians began to want to join together to create one country for all Italians

5. Count Cavour
1852 Count Cavour became Prime Minister of the Kingdom of Sardinia
Provoked a war with Austria knowing that France would help him
Austria lost control over some provinces (Lombardy)
All northern Italian states joined the Kingdom of Sardinia

6. Giuseppi Garibaldi
Worked for Italian unification in southern provinces
He led many successful military campaigns to unify the south
Allied with Count Cavour
The two finally joined the north and the south – formed Italy in 1861

7. Papal States
Some Italian provinces were still controlled by the Pope and the Catholic Church
Refused to joined Italy
Eventually all provinces were added to Italy except for the Vatican which is controlled by the pope

9. German Unification

10. Otto Von Bismarck Became Prime Minister of Prussia
Devoted himself unifying all the Germanic people under one country

11. Wars of German Unification Danish War 1864
Prussia wanted control of some Germanic provinces in Denmark
Prussia demanded the provinces
Denmark refused and went to war with Prussia.
Prussia won and took control over the provinces

12. German provinces gained in Danish War
EUROPE

13. Wars of German Unification Austro-Prussian War 1866
Bismarck picked a fight with Austria
Prussia defeated Austria in a 3 week war
Austria lost a few provinces to Prussia
Austria was forced to recognized Prussia as the leader of the German people

15. Wars of German Unification Franco-Prussian War 1870
Bismarck still desired the southern Germanic provinces
Provoked war with France in hopes of winning control of the southern provinces
Prussia won
1871 unification of Germany was complete