Figure 2 Heat map of targeted therapies in autoimmune diseases

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Figure 2 Heat map of targeted therapies in autoimmune diseases Figure 2 | Heat map of targeted therapies in autoimmune diseases. Therapies based on B-cell targeting and cytokine inhibition that have demonstrated efficacy in clinical trials are represented in blue, and interventions that failed to show efficacy in clinical trials are represented in red. Blank fields represent unclear or untested situations. Agents under ongoing evaluation after initially negative (light red) or initially promising (light blue) results are also represented. Of particular note, trials of these agents in patients with SLE have provided less-clear answers compared to those obtained in other rheumatic disease settings. Effective treatment of SLE will probably require new approaches. AAV, antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitis; APRIL, a proliferation-inducing ligand, also known as TNF ligand superfamily member 13; BAFF, TNF ligand superfamily member 13B, also known as B lymphocyte stimulator (BLyS); CTLA4, cytotoxic T-lymphocyte protein 4; IL-6R, IL-6 receptor; JIA, juvenile idiopathic arthritis; PPMS, primary progressive multiple sclerosis; RRMS, relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis; SLE, systemic lupus erythematosus. Dörner, T. & Lipsky, P. E. (2016) Beyond pan‑B‑cell-directed therapy — new avenues and insights into the pathogenesis of SLE Nat. Rev. Rheumatol. doi:10.1038/nrrheum.2016.158