Big Picture Review; Biochem.

IMPORTANT DEFINITIONS ORGANIC COMPOUND- compound that contains carbon atoms that have combined with each other

Six Most Common Elements of Living Things Carbon Hydrogen Nitrogen Oxygen Phosphorous Sulfur

Organic Compounds All organic compounds contain the element Carbon! There are four classes of organic molecules Carbohydrates – sugars Lipids – fats, oils, and waxes Proteins – enzymes, muscles, hair Nucleic Acids – DNA, RNA, and ATP

Bio Molecule: Carbohydrates Elements made of Carbon (C) Hydrogen (H) Oxygen (O) 1:2:1 ratio. This means for every one oxygen there are 2 hydrogen (ex. C6H12O6)

Bio Molecule: Lipids Elements – made of Carbon, Hydrogen, and Oxygen

Bio Molecule: Nucleic Acids Elements – Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorus CHONP

Bio Molecule: Proteins Elements – Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen, Sulfur, (CHONS)

MORE DEFINITIONS MACROMOLECULE- organic molecules made from smaller parts. AMINO ACID- building blocks that make up proteins POLYPEPTIDE- a chain of amino acids MONOSACCHARIDE- building block of carbohydrates POLYSACCHARIDE- a chain of at least 3 monosaccharides NUCLEOTIDE- building block of nucleic acids; made of a phosphate, sugar, and nitrogen base. FATTY ACID- building block of lipids.

Bio Molecule: Carbohydrates Functions Energy – simple sugars (glucose) are a quick energy source (4 Cal per gram) Stored energy – glycogen (animals) and starch (plants) Structure – cellulose (cell wall in plants) and chitin (exoskeleton of bugs)

Bio Molecule: Lipids Function – long term energy, insulation, and cell membrane

Bio Molecule: Nucleic Acids Function – stores hereditary information, makes proteins.

Bio Molecule: Proteins Function – Structure, support, speed up chemical reactions.

Enzyme Definitions CATALYST- Anything that causes a reaction to happen faster. ENZYME- are proteins specifically designed to speed up chemical reactions ACTIVATION ENERGY- the energy needed to start a reaction SUBSTRATE- What an enzyme acts on; the reactants of a chemical reaction. PRODUCT- The end result of a chemical reaction ACTIVE SITE- a spot on an enzyme where the substrate binds

Enzyme activity is controlled by Amount of enzyme Amount of substrate pH Temperature Amount of time.