1. Page 20 in notebook What are Biomolecules??
What are enzymes? Why are they important??
Discuss with Group!!

2. Basic organic building blocks
biomolecules
Basic organic building blocks

3. “living” elements
Most common elements in living things are carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, and oxygen.
These four elements constitute about 95% of your body weight.
All compounds can be classified in two broad categories --- organic and inorganic compounds.
Organic compounds are made primarily of carbon.
When carbon bonds with the other 3 elements they create BIOMOLECULES

4. What are biomolecules?
Small organic molecules bond together to create large organic molecule called a macromolecule or biomolecule
There are four classes of macromolecules
polysaccharides or carbohydrates
triglycerides or lipids
polypeptides or proteins
nucleic acids
Carbohydrates and lipids are made of only carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen (CHO)
Proteins are made of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen (CHON)
Nucleic acids contain carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and phosphorus (CHON P)

5. Carbohydrates Simple sugars that bond to create complex sugars
Small sugars = monosaccharides
Complex sugars = polysaccharides
3 monosaccharides
Glucose, galactose, fructose
Polysaccharides
Cellulose, chitin, glycogen
Used by the body for SHORT TERM energy
Provide structural support in cell walls of plants and exoskeletons of insects and crustaceans.
Monosaccharides have carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in a 1:2:1 ratio

6. lipids Made of small subunits called TRIGLYCERIDES
Fatty acids attached to ALCOHOL GROUP
Three different types of lipids created from triglycerides
PHOSPHOLIPIDS make up our cell membrane
Waxes help protect the leaves and needles of plants
Steroids
Lipids are crucial to long term energy in our bodies!
Animals that live in cold climates or hibernate must have large fat storages
Too many triglycerides can be harmful for our heart and circulatory system.

7. Nucleic acids Made of 3 smaller building blocks called nucleotides
Sugar
Phosphate group
Nitrogen base
Carry all genetic information in a cell, DNA
DNA holds the instructions for building all proteins in living things
RNA copies and reads this information to actually build the proteins

8. Proteins Made of subunits called amino acids
There are 20 amino acids essential to life
Our Body only make 12 of the amino acids we need
Used to build cells and do much of the work inside organisms.
Act as enzymes helping to control metabolic reactions in organisms.
Cells contain thousands of different enzymes to control the functions of the cell.
Enzymes must physically fit a specific substrate(s) to work properly
like a lock and key
The place where a substrate fits an enzyme to be catalyzed is called the active site.

9. Macro Foldable On your desk are directions Due Friday
Take time to finish – so you don’t have homework