1. Chemistry of Carbohydrates, Fats, and Proteins
What does it mean to be an organic molecule?
Contains at least carbon and hydrogen.

2. What is a Chemical Formula?
List the elements and how many (Ex. H2O).
C4H10
What is the chemical formula of butane?

3. What is a Structural Formula?
Provides position and orientation.
Glucose and fructose are isomers. Any guesses what an “isomer” is?
Isomers – same chemical formula, different structural formula

4. Carbohydrates
C, H, O
Which elements?
Any particular ratio?
2 H : 1 O

5. Carbohydrates “Monosaccharides” or “simple sugars”
What are the building blocks?

6. Carbohydrates ENERGY; STRUCTURE
What are the functions in a living organism?
EXAMPLES
Glucose, sucrose, starch (plant storage), glycogen (animal storage), cellulose (plant cell walls), chitin (insects)

7. Lipids C, H, O Lots H : very few O Which elements?
Any particular ratio?
Lots H : very few O

8. Lipids 1 glycerol and 3 fatty acids What are the building blocks?
C | C | C
Fatty acid
Fatty acid
Fatty acid
Monounsaturated fat
glycerol

9. Lipids ENERGY RESERVES; CELL MEMBRANES; INSULATION Fats, oils, waxes
What are the functions in a living organism?
EXAMPLES
Fats, oils, waxes

10. Proteins
C, H, O, N, S
Which elements?
Any particular ratio? No

11. Proteins
What are the building blocks?
Amino Acids

12. Proteins Many different functions
What are the functions in a living organism?
EXAMPLES
Feathers, spider webs, wool, silk, fingernails, hair, enzymes, antibodies, muscle.

13. How are organic molecules added together?
Glucose –
C H O +
Fructose –
C H O
Sucrose –
C H O ?
What’s missing?

14. What is a condensation reaction?
Combining organic molecules requires the loss of water.

15. What is hydrolysis?
Separating organic molecules requires adding water back.

16. When two sugars are added together, what is produced?
A disaccharide

17. When three or more sugars are added together, what is produced?
Polysaccharide

18. Carbohydrates - Saccharides
Uses:
Glucose = quick energy
Glycogen = animal starch; stored energy
Plant starch = stored energy for plants