National Security of the United States of America A Brief Overview

The role of government As per the Preamble to the Constitution “…provide for the common defense…” “… insure domestic tranquility…” Article I, Section 8 Paragraphs 11-18 – Raising and supporting an army and navy Paragraph 18 – Elastic Clause: To make all laws which shall be necessary and proper for carrying into execution the forgoing powers, and all other powers vested by this Constitution in the government of the United States, or in any department or officer thereof.

Stuff to Ponder Why do you think Paragraph 18 of Article I, Section 8 of the United States Constitution Called the “Elastic Clause”? What are the benefits of the paragraph? What are its drawbacks?

Foreign Policy A set of goals and strategies that guide a nation’s relations with other countries and groups around the world Goals remain basically constant over long periods of time Strategies change with presidents and congressional make up The principal goal of foreign policy is to protect and preserve the national security of the United States

National Security The protection of a nation, both its land and its people, from foreign threats Hostile governments Organized terrorist groups Individuals Several agencies charged with promoting national security Federal Bureau of Investigation Central Intelligence Agency National Security Administration Department of Defense Department of Homeland Security

Other goals of U.S. Foreign Policy The foreign policy of the United States has many goals other than national security You are responsible for being able to list and describe the foreign policy goals of the United States:

Economic Interests Maintaining trade with other nations Markets for American goods Purchase needed goods from other nations Preserving access to natural resources from around the world Oil from the Middle East Lumber and minerals from other regions of the world Protecting its own domestic industries Taxes Import restrictions

World Peace American leaders work for peace around the world Helps keep the nation out of foreign entanglements Aides national security The United States helps to settle dispute of other nations Formed the United Nations – Organization that settles disagreements among nations through discussion and agreement Monetary aide to struggling governments – helps to deter civil wars, which create instability

Promoting Democracy The United States believes that democracy is the best form of government to meet its foreign obligations Easier to establish equitable relationships with other democratic government Best system to handles threats to land and people, protect human rights, and combat international crime

Human Rights The philosophy of the United States is that all people should be treated equally and responsibly The fair and equal treatment of all persons promotes a more peaceful and stable environment around the world The United States brings to the attention of the world community any human rights violations in other nations Rwandan Genocide Nazi atrocities across the world North Korea

Changes in attitude Until the early 20th century, the foreign policy attitude of the United States was one of isolationism Isolationism – avoiding involvement in world affairs Focus on the building of the American country In the earliest parts of the 20th Century, the policy changed to one of internationalism Limited involvement in world affairs to promote domestic goals This has been our consistent philosophy for over 100 years

Stuff to Ponder Isolationism or internationalism? Why? What right does the United States have to intervene in the affairs of other nations?

Major players in charge of National Security President Donald J. Trump Elected in 2016 Former Real Estate Developer and Business Man from New York Vice President Mike Pence Elected in 2016 Former Republican Governor of the State of Indiana

Major players in charge of National Security Speaker of the House of Representatives Paul Ryan Elected in 2016 Republican congressman from Wisconsin The voice of the Congress Secretary of State Rex Tillerson Appointed in 2017 Former CEO of Exxon-Mobil

Major players in charge of National Security Secretary of Defense General James Mattis Retired 4-Star General, United States Army Secretary of Homeland Security Elaine Duke (acting) Appointed in 2017 Governmental lawyer and civil servant

Major players in charge of National Security FBI Director Christopher Wray Appointed in 2017 Former Deputy Attorney General of the United States CIA Director Mike Pompeo Appointed in 2017 Former United States Congressman from Kansas

Major players in charge of National Security Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff Marine General Joseph Dunford Appointed in 2015 Highest ranking officer in the United States Military Ambassador to the United Nations Nikki Haley Appointed in 2017 Former Republican Governor of North Carolina