Chapter 16.1: War Erupts OR EQ: Describe the strategies, strengths, and weakness of both the North and South.

Lincoln’s Decision Lincoln’s administrations major goal was to maintain unity of country Fort Sumter in South Carolina running out of supplies Lincoln informs S.C. he’s sending supply ships to Fort Sumter Confederacy decide to attack Fort before supply ships arrive

First Shots Fired April 12, 1861 Confederates (the South) fire into fort for 34 hours, North forced to surrender Lincoln asks Union states (North) to provide 75,000 militiamen for 90 days to stop uprising in South Some states respond in support, others in anger- Virginia, North Carolina, Tennessee, and Arkansas vote to join Confederacy (South)

Importance of Virginia Confederacy (the South) gained better chance for victory if Virginia joins Virginia wealthy and populous, Confederacy moved its capital to Richmond, Virginia Virginia home to Robert E. Lee, talented military leader, who decides to resign from US Army and join Confederate Army Robert E. Lee

Border States Due to location and resources border states would play key role in war’s outcome Border States = Slave states which bordered states where slavery was illegal (Maryland, Delaware, Kentucky, and Missouri) All border states stayed in Union (the North) Union troops helped group of western counties break away in Virginia, forming West Virginia In the end 24 states made up the Union (the North), and 11 joined Confederacy (the South)

Strengths and Weaknesses Union (North) Confederacy (South) 22 million people 85% of nations factories Over double the railroad mileage of South More naval power and shipyards President Abraham Lincoln, and his goal of maintaining the unity of the country 9 million people, including 3.5 million slaves 15% of nations factories Strong generals to start with such as Robert E. Lee Fighting defensive war – soldiers defending their homes have more will to fight than invaders Supplies and men closer, as most battles fought on Southern land, north supply lines stretched very far

Rating the North & the South

Slave/Free States Population, 1861

Resources: North & the South

Confederate (South) Strategy Didn’t want to conquer North, wanted independence Used the strategy of “King Cotton” to win foreign support, withholding cotton from market However, European nations had surplus of cotton at time and didn’t want to get involved in the American war

Union (North) Strategy Wanted to bring Southern states back to Union Naval blockade of Southern coastline, to cut off its imports and exports Anaconda Plan = smother South’s economy like anaconda squeezing prey gain control of Mississippi River,split Confederacy into two pieces

Overview of the North’s Civil War Strategy: “Anaconda” Plan

Battle of Bull Run Lincoln ordered invasion of Richmond, Virginia- summer 1861 To take Richmond, Union army 1st needed to defeat Confederate troops stationed at Manassas, Virginia Battle became known as First Battle of Bull Run Confederate army (the South) won First Battle of Bull Run, shocking North, thrilling South North realized they had underestimated opponent, Lincoln sends home 90 day militias troops and calls for 500,000 volunteers to serve 3 year term

Summary Write a 10 Sentence summary answering the EQ’s Remember the EQ was: What are the strategies of both sides and what are the strengths and weaknesses of both sides?