THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION

The Industrial Revolution Essential Question: How did new technological innovations change the economic and social aspects of life? How did it impact migration?

“Causes of Industrialization” #1: Agricultural Revolution #2: Commercial Revolution #3: New Technology and Machines http://www.nisd.net/cmptecww/DeptWebSite/AdvCompTech/Industrial%20Hotlist/inventor.html

# 1: The Agricultural Revolution Small farms were enclosed with fences to create large, profitable farms. New farming methods and machinery increased agricultural production. Extra workers had to move to the cities to find jobs. THE ENCLOSURE MOVEMENT

#2 Commercial Revolution Increase in global trade network New wealthy classes had money to invest in factories and new businesses. Faster Clipper Ships Wealthy Merchants

#3 New Technology Scientific Revolution New machines allowed mass production of goods (many at a time). New inventions- agricultural machines,water powered machines, spinning jenny, steam engine.

Why did INDUSTRIALIZATION begin in England? ENGLAND HAD THE FOLLOWING: A vast colonial empire to which surplus good could be sold Stable Government An efficient government that encouraged private individuals to invest and become entrepreneurs. Developing economic systems for banking, credit and investments New Technology Natural Resources essential for industrial progress An Agricultural Revolution

The Basics of an Industrialized Society 1700s-1750 Shift from rural (farming) economy to urban (city), machine based manufacturing Wage Employment- Instead of working on a farm for a share of the crops and a place to live, people earn wages in factories Movement of people from farms to cities High social mobility- easier to raise or lower social class depending on ability and work performance

Urbanization Growth of cities Overcrowding and pollution increased. Spread of disease Social issues

Rise of a Working Class Common working day: 12 – 14 hours One short break for lunch Work week: 6 days per week

Working Class Workers were beaten if they did not perform well. Hot, polluted factory air. Workers risked losing limbs from the machines. Low wages.

Wages in Great Britain Men: 10-15 shillings Women: 5 shillings Children: 1 shilling **rent cost 5 shillings month

New Roles for Children While children used to work on the farm, many now worked in dangerous conditions in factories. They were prized by factory owners because they could fit into tight spots and would not complain.

New Roles for Children

Roles for Women Women enter workforce (textile factories) Wages must be sufficient to build dowries, but not so great that they may decide to remain single – By definition, women’s wages must be too low for a woman to live on. If entire family could work- wives went to work, if not then DAUGHTERS worked

New Roles for Women

The Reader

New Economic Systems

Capitalism Def. = the people of a country make most, if not all, of the economic decisions. The government has very little control or input. Foundations of Capitalism a) Free-enterprise = people are allowed to create and do almost anything economically b) private property = people have the right to own capital and other economic resources

c) competition = allows for the best product at the lowest price through the interaction of supply and demand d) laissez-faire theory = the government should stay out of the economy; “hands off” the economy

Socialism Definition: An economic system in which society, usually in the form of government, owns or controls the important parts of the economy, such as factories or utilities, Ideology: replace competition with cooperation Universal togetherness. Early socialists: Utopian Socialists

Marxist Communism Karl Marx wrote The Communist Manifesto (1848) Denounced the new industrial economy A worker’s revolution would destroy capitalism

Marxist Communism Economic forces shape history through class struggles of society Marx predicted a revolution between the bourgeoisie (industrialists) and the proletariat (workers) The proletariat would overthrow the bourgeoisie  Dictatorship of the Proletariat / create a socialist economy  Communism with a classless society

Communism Definition: Economic System in which the government completely controls the economy; it decides what will be produced, who will produce it, and how it will be produced. Theory of exploitation of the wage earners by the Capitalists.