1. New Agricultural Revolution
Do Now: You are starting up your own farm, what would you need to run a successful farm?

2. First Agricultural Revolution
Nomads, groups of people would travel from one area to another looking for food
Neolithic Revolution, nomads started to settle in Villages and learned how to farm and domesticate animals
The methods improved the lives of the people, made the population grow
Settlers now created a surplus of food

3. Improved Farming
New Agricultural Revolution allowed settlers to improve their crop turn out
Used fertilizer from livestock
Mixture of different types of soil to make rich soil
Rotated crops- Refresh the soil
Seed drill- Distribute seeds evenly along the soil

4. Enclosure Movement
Wealthy landowners started to take over land and began fencing in the land
Enclosed land increased wool output
Profits rose because large fields needed fewer people to work them
Many peasant farmers lost their jobs because of the enclosure movement

5. Enclosure Movement

6. Surplus of Food
New Agriculture Revolution allowed for farmers to produce more food
People had enough food to store in case of a bad harvest or long winter
New Technology allowed farmers to produce more food in a shorter period of time
Rotation of crops allowed for the soil to rejuvenate itself

7. Famine

8. Reason for Population Growth
Agricultural Revolution reduced the risk of famine
The surplus of food increase the life expectancy of people
Women ate healthier so their babies were stronger
Better hygiene and sanitation along with medical care further slowed deaths from diseases

9. Population Growth
Britain’s population soared from 5 million in 1700 to almost 9 million in 1800
Population in France rose from 18 million in 1715 to 26 million in 1789
Population of all of Europe rose from 120 million to 190 million in 100 years

10. Natural Resource Britain is a small island that had good harbors
Britain had many coal mines throughout their country
Britain also had an abundance of iron
The coal was used to power steam engine and the iron was used to make new machines
Coal_and_Iron.asf

11. Coalfields & Industrial Areas

12. New Technology
Britain was the center of the Scientific Revolution and it has focused on improving the world around them
Britain read about new technology in Diderot’s encyclopedia
Technology did not cause the Industrial revolution but was a big part of it
Along with technology Britain had the demand and money for these technologies

13. Human Resources
A large number of people were needed to work the factories
The new agricultural revolution forced many people to look for new jobs by moving to cities
Cities were where the factories were located
The population boom increased the work force

14. Stable Government
Britain had a government that supported economic growth
Britain built a strong navy to protect its empire and overseas trade
Business men developed great wealth which increased the amount of jobs
Religious groups encouraged thrift and hard work

15. Economic Conditions
Britain had conquered land in the Americas which were full of natural resources that was turned into capital
Business class had money that they could invest in new enterprises like mines, railroads and factories
Many business men were willing to take risks in hopes of making a greater fortune
The population explosion increased the demand for goods and the people had money to purchase the items

16. Industrial Cities
Industrial Revolution brought rapid urbanization or movement of people to the cities
Need for workers in factories drew workers from rural areas
People would pack into tiny rooms in tenement buildings
The tenements had no running water, foul-smells and garbage rotted in the streets

18. Factory Workers The average work day lasted between 12-16 hours
Machines had no safety device so many workers injured themselves
Coal dust from the machines destroyed lungs of workers

19. Women Workers
Factory owners thought women could adapt easier to the machines in factories than men
Factory owners paid women less than men
Women worked long hours and then had to take care of the family when they came home

20. Child Labor
Children worked in factories to help their families pay bills and buy food
Children were good in the mines because of their small frame
Children were also used in factories to fix machines because of their small hands
Employers made deals with orphanages to take orphans for their factory

21. Industrial Revolution Social Classes
Industry brought new social classes:
Upper Class- Superrich industrial business family
Middle Class- Doctors and Lawyers
Lower Middle Class- Teachers and Shop Owners
Base/Lower Class- Factory Workers

22. Karl Marx
Marx and Friedrich Engels published a pamphlet about the struggle between classes called The Communist Manifesto
Marx spoke about the “Haves” and the “Have Not” of society and their struggles
Haves: Owned the means of production and this controlled society and its wealth. Example bourgeoisie or middle class
Have Not: The proletariat or working class. Example factory workers
Marx believed the class struggle between the bourgeoisie and proletariat would lead to proletariats taking control of the means of society

23. Capitalism
Capitalism is a economic system in which means of production are privately owned for profit
Factory owners are an example capitalism who open business to make a profit
Government has limited regulation, or rules, on businesses in a capitalist society
Limited regulations comes from Adam Smith’s idea of laissez-faire or “hands off policy”

24. Unions Unions work on behalf of the workers to improve working life
Unions help push governments to make working conditions better, limit work hours and improve safety conditions
Governments even set up programs for old-age pensions as well as disability insurance

25. Standard of Living Wages increased with the formation of unions
Pay depended on your skill and your experience
Women were not paid the same as men were

26. Review What was the Neolithic Revolution?
What did the Neolithic Revolution provide people?
What was the purpose of crop rotation?
What was the enclosure movement?