Second Great Awakening

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Presentation transcript:

Second Great Awakening Religious revival

Origins Began as reaction to rationalism Played role in social reform in the North

Revivalism NEW YORK 1823: Charles G. Finney Delivered sermons appealing to people’s emotions & fear of damnation Preached all were free to be saved through faith & hard work SOUTH & WEST Baptist & Methodist – outdoor revivals By 1850 largest Protestant denomination in US

Millennialism William Miller World would end with 2nd coming of Christ Oct 12, 1844 Become 7th day Adventists

Mormons Church of Latter-Day Saints Joseph Smith 1830 NY to OH to MO to IL Murdered by mob in IL Brigham Young leads to Utah Practice cooperative socialism Practices Polygamy

Reform Movements

Origins Antebellum era Try to improve behavior through moral persuasion Later resorted to political action

Public Education Begins:1700-1800 Causes: Motivated by fear of the future of the US, need to educated poor, workers and immigrants Leadership: Horace Mann, Calvin Wiley Accomplishments: Improved schools, compulsory attendance, longer school year, increased teacher prep, tax support, teaching of morality More success in North. Southerner planters didn’t want to pay to educate poor whites, creation of the modern educational system today

Temperance (limit Drinking) Begins: 1784-1861 Causes: avg American consume 5 gallons of liquor, evils of society (abuse, crime, murder) blamed on alcohol Leadership: American Temperance Society, Lyman Beecher Accomplishments: Consumption of Alcohol drops 1851: ME first state to prohibit alcohol 1860: movement fades to CW 1920’s: Prohibition = Mobsters

Prisons Begins: Mid 1800’s (1816) Causes: No separation of prisoners, fear breeding more criminals Leadership: Dorothea Dix Accomplishment: Create Prisons (penitentiaries) to rehabilatate, juvenile courts, end cruel punishments Mental hospitals (asylums) to treat mentally ill

Early 19th Century Women Unable to vote Legal status of a minor Single → could own her own property Married → no control over her property or her children Could not initiate divorce Couldn’t make wills, sign a contract, or bring suit in court without her husband’s permission

Women’s Right Begins: 1750’s Causes: Women little rights: Cult of Domesticity Men = economic and political affairs Women = home & children Movements evolves from neglect as members in abolition Leaders: Elizabeth Cady Stanton, Alice Paul, Susan B Anthony Accomplishments: Seneca Falls Convention: Declaration of Rights & Sentiment (1848) – demand equal rights Movement made improvements for equal voting, legal & property rights Movement overshadowed by crisis over slavery Women receive right to vote with the 19th amendment (1920)

Anti-Slavery 2nd Great Awakening encouraged Northerners to view as sin American Colonization Society (1817) Promoted removal of AA to Liberia American Antislavery Society (1833) William Lloyd Garrison (The liberator) Abolition of slavery Liberty Party (1840) James Birney ran for Pres in 1840 & 1844 Abolish slavery

Antislavery Black Abolitionists Fredrick Douglass Harriet Tubman, Sojourner Truth Violent Abolitionism 1831: Nat Turner leads revolt in VA Stops any discussion of antislavery in South

Utopia Communities Shakers Brook Farm New Harmony Oneida Community