1. Make sure to play, read, and note take!
Reform
And
Reformers
Make sure to play, read, and note take!

2. Instructions
After viewing the following slides, write only the facts in Red onto your Foldable.

3. Vocabulary: Reform: to bring change Reformer: a person devoted to bringing about reform or change, as in politics or society

4. Issue that needs Reform #1 Abolitionism
What issue needs reform?: end slavery immediately.

5. William Lloyd Garrison (1801-1879)
Slavery undermined republican values.
Immediate emancipation (to become free)
Slavery was a moral, not an economic issue.
R2-4

6. Anti-Slavery Alphabet

7. Other White Abolitionists
Lewis Tappan
James Birney
Arthur Tappan

8. Frederick Douglass (1817-1895)
Black Abolitionists
1845 former slave wrote “The Narrative of the Life Of Frederick Douglass”
1847 newspaper editor of “The North Star”
Frederick Douglass ( )

9. Sojourner Truth (1787-1883) or Isabella Baumfree
1850 former slave who wrote “The Narrative of Sojourner Truth”
R2-10

10. Harriet Tubman (1820-1913) “Moses” Helped over 300 slaves to freedom.
$40,000 bounty on her head.
Served as a Union spy during the Civil War.

11. Leading Escaping Slaves Along the Underground Railroad

12. The Underground Railroad
“Conductor” ==== leader of the escape
“Passengers” ==== escaping slaves
“Tracks” ==== routes
“Trains” ==== farm wagons transporting the escaping slaves
“Depots” ==== safe houses to rest/sleep

13. Methods Used
Petitions
Newspapers
Mail Campaigns
Violence

14. 1826 - American Temperance Society “Demon Rum!”
Issue that Needs Reform
Temperance Movement: to rid the world of alcohol consumption
Frances Willard
American Temperance Society “Demon Rum!”
The Beecher Family

15. Annual Consumption of Alcohol

16. Temperance Movement
Methods Used:

17. Methods
Sermons, rallies, prohibition laws, invading and even storming into pubs and destroying the alcohol and beating the men!

18. 3. Issue that Needs Reform
Penitentiary Reform: Better treatment of criminals and people with disabilities or special needs.
Dorothea Dix
( )
R1-5/7

20. Methods Used: Petitions to Congress, separate asylums for the mentally ill, rehabilitation

21. Issue that Needs Reform
Educational Reform
What Needs to be Reformed: Low Literacy, school attendance, equal schooling for children
By 1860 every state offered free public education to whites only.

22. Horace Mann (1796-1859) children were clay in the hands of teachers
“Father of
American Education”
children were clay in the hands of teachers
children should be “molded” into a state of perfection
discouraged corporal punishment
established state teacher- training programs
R3-6

23. The McGuffey Eclectic Readers
Used religious stories to teach “American values.”
Teach middle class kids morality and respect for order.
Teach “Protestant ethic” (frugality, hard work, sobriety)
R3-8

24. Women Educators Troy, NY Female Seminary
curriculum: math, physics, history, geography.
school to train female teachers
Emma Willard ( )
Mary Lyons ( )
1837  she established Mt. Holyoke [So. Hadley, MA] as the first college for women.

25. Methods Used Petitions to congress Rewarding good behavior
Hiring women as teachers
Making it illegal not to send child to school
Opening more schools

26. 5. Issue that Needs Reform Women's Movement

27. What Needs to be reformed?
Women Unable to vote.
Giving Women citizenship.
Single women  could not own her own property.
Married  no control over her property or her children.
Could not ask for divorce.
Couldn’t make wills, sign a contract, or bring suit in court without her husband’s permission.

28. Key Reformers
The 2nd Great Awakening inspired women to improve society.
Lucy Stone
Angelina Grimké
Sarah Grimké
American Women’s Suffrage Assoc.
edited Woman’s Journal
Southern Abolitionists
R2-9

29. What It Would Be Like If Ladies Had Their Own Way! Analyze the cartoon

30. Methods Used
Petitions, rallies, speaking tours