1. Reform Movements

2. Second Great Awakening
Due to the rapidly changing economics' during the early 1800’s another great religious awakening arose in America.
Began primarily in the “Burned Over Districts” along the Erie Canal in Western New York
This movement was centered around the rejection of Enlightenment ideals of rationalism and deism
Highlighting the Romanticism of ideals of enthusiasm, emotion, and the supernatural
New Religious sect’s like Methodist, Baptist, and The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints began to hold religious revival meetings across the country to spread their message.
They began to set up academies (colleges) to teach priests.
Wesleyan (Methodist)
BYU (Mormon)
Seventh-Day Adventists

3. Reform Movements
Many other reform movements rode the coattails of the Second Great Awakening, in hopes to using that same enthusiasm for social reformation.
Temperance Movement
Get Working Class to stop drinking in excess
Prison Reform
Education Reform
Horace Mann spoke out for formal education for all children, the expansion of the school year, and rigorous standards of teacher training.

4. Abolition Movement
Christian groups in the North began to speak out against slavery starting in the ’s
Slavery is a sin
William Lloyd Garrison (MS) was the “Leader” of this movement.
He had a newspaper called The Liberator in which he discussed reasons for why slavery was wrong.
Harriett Tubman: Known as Black Moses for leading hundreds of slaves north to freedom utilizing the underground railroad.
Fredrick Douglass wrote Narrative of the Life of Fredrick Douglass would become a predominant figure in the anti-slavery movement
Nat Turner led a bloody rebellion in Virginia that killed 60 whites
Mainly women and children as the men were in North Carolina for a Methodist revival meeting.
As a result of the 1831 massacre, Black Codes became more harsh in the south, and would have a last legacy of fear in the south of slaves.

5. The American Colonization Society
Founded in the southern states 1817
Believed slavery was wrong because it forced whites to engage in contracts with blacks.
They wanted slave owners to free their slaves and have them return to Africa.

6. Woman’s Movement
Early 1800’s women began to adopt a new, more assertive role in the home.
Domestic Feminism
Due to the more assertive role, families sizes in both urban, and rural area’s began to become smaller
Lucretia Mott and Elizabeth Cady Stanton held the first U.S. Convention on the rights of women in Seneca Falls, New York.
The agenda was to discuss women having the ability to vote, and more occupational opportunities
Secretarial work began to become an option for an occupation for women