Obj. What political and diplomatic effects did the Opium Wars have on China? 1.Problems in the Qing Dynasty 1700’s-1800’s 2. Conflicts of Trade and Rise of Opium Early 1800’s 3. Chinese response to Opium 4. The Opium Wars and their treaties

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Problems in the Qing Dynasty 1750’s-1800’s Since 1644 the Qing Dynasty had been ruled by the FOREIGN Manchu (from Manchuria) race from the north who brought stability and continued isolation from the west By the late 1700’s problems emerged: Civil Service exam became corrupt Incompetent bureaucrats Population tripled Little spending on agricultural products and industrialization - Extreme poverty

Conflicts of Trade and Rise of Opium: Early 1800’s Chinese did not desire the newly manufactured products of the “West” and wanted Euro silver in exchange for Chinese goods- This led to a decrease in profits for British merchants British merchants soon turned to Opium grown in India as a way to pay for products, thereby increasing their profits By 1839 Over 6 Millions pounds of opium was being exchanged

Chinese Response to Opium Crisis The Rise in Opium caused: Extreme addiction Neglect of administrative responsibilities Rise in corruption After seeing his country in decline, the emperor soon hired official Lin Zexu (the incorruptible), who later ordered a blockade and destruction of Opium Warehouses Decreasing British profits

The Opium war and their treaties The British soon declared war on the Chinese to re-open Opium trading (1839-42 and 1850’s) The British with new steamboat technology devastated Chinese forces by sea/land with new industrialized weapons, forcing the Chinese to “unequal treaties” By 1890 over 90 Chinese ports were controlled by Western/Japanese military officials, merchants and missionaries

POV Analysis Analyze the motives of various countries with respect to their interactions with China following the Opium Wars Author: Who is the author and what is their background Occasion: When was this document written and why is that important (check notes for dates of opium wars) Motive: Why did the author construct this source Basic Idea: What motive does this country have in interacting with China?

Obj. How did rebellions lead to the decline of the Qing Dynasty? 1.Taiping Rebellions 1850’s 1860’s 2. Ending the Taiping Rebellion 3. The self-strengthening movement 4. Empress Cixi and corruption 5. Boxer Rebellion 6. End of the Qing Dynasty

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Taiping Rebellion1850’s—1860’s After experiencing religious visions, Hong Xiaquan, believed he was destined to bring an end to the corrupt Manchu rule Elimination of footbinding/equality of women Land distribution to the peasant class Education  100% literacy By the late 1850, over 1 Million Taiping rebels swept across China, killing many members of the “scholar-gentry”

Ending the Taiping Rebellion Members of the scholar-gentry (bureaucrats), were forced to fight back to protect their land, conscripted new armies to end rebellion after 15 years The rebellion had devastating effects, killing over 20 Million people, declining agricultural production, and increasing poverty

The Self-Strengthening Movement After the rebellion some aristocrats/ Scholar-Gentry soon searched for ways to challenge the “West” through Industrialization: Western railroads new factories/ Factories Political Reforms: Limit the power of the emperor and eliminate corruption

Empress Cixi- Corruption The emperor embraced many reforms, while the Empress (The Aunt of the emperor) Cixi strongly resisted the movement by: Jailing the emperor Killing “Reform officials” Using “Industrial money” for herself Supporting Rebellions against the west

The Boxer Rebellion 1898 -1901 A new group of rebels nicknamed the “boxers” emerged, sponsored by the Empress and targeting, Western officials and Merchants Western powers, including the U.S and Japan, sent forces to end the rebellion and forced the Qing officials to pay large fines

End of the Qing Dynasty 1911 After the death of the empress, and the rise of “democratic rebellions” the Qing Dynasty officially ended in 1911 New political reformers emerged calling for a new age in China

Document Analysis Doc.1 Doc. 2 Author: Who is the author and what is his occupation? Basic Idea (Evidence): What goals does this reformer have for the country? Reason/Audience: Why did this author construct this source who might he be trying persuade Occasion/Reason: What year was this document written? Was it before or after the fall of the Qing dynasty? Why is that important to consider when thinking about his reason for creating this document?

WA + Key Point Prompt: Examine the political ambitions and goals of early 20th century Chinese revolutionaries following the end of the Qing Dynasty K1: ???????

Basic Idea: (Evidence) DBQ Practice Writing Follow the DBQ format and create one key point off of the documents When analyzing for POV: think about Basic Idea: (Evidence) Author: Who is the author and what is his purpose in writing this Occasion: What was happening in China before this that made the author write this Audience: Who might the potential audience be and why is that important when analyzing the writing Reason: What motivated the author to construct this? List Additional Doc: Explain whose voice is missing and why is that important

Peer Check list Did this person “Cite” the doc Did they explain how the POV is important to consider and why Did this person list an additional and explain