The Constitutional Convention

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Presentation transcript:

The Constitutional Convention

Objectives Today we will be able to identify the conflicts and compromises inherent in the drafting of the United States Constitution

What was the Constitutional Convention? A meeting of state delegates in Philadelphia in May, 1787 to deal with the problems of the new nation. Met in Independence Hall, same place that the Declaration of Independence was signed. Who were the 55 delegates? Lawyers, merchants, planters Rich, well-educated, in their thirties or fourties Leaders such as Benjamin Franklin, Alexander Hamilton and George Washington. Washington was elected presiding officer by unanimous vote

Areas of Conflict Big states vs. small states Slavery related issues Proportional representation vs. equal representation Slavery related issues How should slaves be counted?

New Jersey and Virginia Plans Virginia Plan – favored large, wealthy states. Call for a bicameral legislative branch based on population and wealth. A president chosen by the Congress and a High Court chosen by the Congress New Jersey Plan- favored smaller, poorer states. Call for a unicameral legislative branch based on equality. Plural executive, chosen by the Congress High Court chosen by the executive

Connecticut Compromise “Great Compromise” A bicameral legislative branch to make laws. Bicameral – Two chambers (two houses) House of Representatives based on population and a Senate based on equality.

Separation of Powers A bicameral legislature to make the laws An executive to enforce laws chosen by an electoral college. An independent judiciary called a Supreme Court. Judges nominated by the President and confirmed by the Senate. Delegates also established a system of checks and balances Each branch needs another to get things done

Division of Powers The new government was a form of federalism where power is divided between the national government and the state governments.

Other Compromises 3/5 Compromise- counted slaves as 3/5 of a free person for the purpose of taxes and representation. Commerce and Slave Trade Compromise- Congress could not tax exports and could not act on the slave trade for 20years at which point the trade would end.