1. The Republican Experience

2. Reflecting upon their experience with King George III and parliament, what were the fears and concerns of the “founding fathers” about government? What steps might they take with a new government to ease those fears?
Fears

3. Organization of New Governments
State government
Rights
Separation of powers
Voting
Office holding
Organization of New Governments

4. The Articles John Dickinson Ratification Structure of government
Powers
The Articles

5. Accomplishments Winning the war Land Ordinance of 1785
Northwest Ordinance of 1787
Accomplishments

6. Why Does It Not Work? Problems Financial Foreign Domestic
Annapolis Convention
Why Does It Not Work?

7. If men were angels, no government would be necessary
If men were angels, no government would be necessary. If angels were to govern men , neither external nor internal controls on government would be necessary” James Madison 1787
A New Republic

8. Convention at Philadelphia
A call to meet
The delegates
Nature of the convention
Convention at Philadelphia

9. Characteristics of the Delegates
to the Constitutional Convention

10. Independence Hall, Philadelphia
Purpose of Convention
Delegates were instructed to revise the Articles of Confederation.
They did NOT have permission to scrap the Articles entirely.
Proceedings were kept secret until the final document was drafted.
Independence Hall, Philadelphia

11. Age Average Age: 42 Oldest: 81 Youngest: 26 Jonathon Dayton
Ben Franklin

12. Over Half Graduated from College
33 from Ivy League… 9 from Princeton
George Clymer
Educated by Uncle
Education
James Madison
Princeton

13. Delegates came from a wide variety of backgrounds
Occupations
Delegates came from a wide variety of backgrounds
Artisans
Planters
Merchants
Lawyers
Ben Franklin
George Washington
Alexander Hamilton
William Paterson

14. Government Experience
While many delegates had years of experience in state and national politics, others were relative novices.
Governors
Judges
Legislators
Novices
John Langdon
New Hampshire
John Blair
Virginia
John Dickinson
Delaware
James Wilson
Pennsylvania

15. They Got Issues Early disagreements Representation Slavery Trade
Presidency
Ratification
They Got Issues

16. Competing Plans for the Constitution
Virginia Plan
Written by James Madison
Scrap Articles & create new gov.
Bicameral Legislature
Representation based on population
Lower house elected by people & Upper house chosen by lower
New Jersey Plan
Introduced by William Paterson
Wanted to reform Articles rather than replace them
Unicameral Legislature based with equal representation for each state
Connecticut (Great) Compromise
Bicameral Legislature with representation in House of Representatives based on population and two representatives per state in the Senate

17. Constitutional Compromises
3/5 Compromise Slaves count as 3/5 of a person for taxation and representation
Commerce Compromise Congress cannot tax exports, but it can tax imports. Congress cannot ban the slave trade until 1808
Democracy vs. Stability
House of Representatives to be directly elected by people, but President and Senate to be indirectly elected.
Strength of Executive Branch
President elected to 4 year terms with limits on his power through checks & balances

18. The Great Debate Federalists Anti federalists Federalist Papers
Outcome
Virginia
New York
Other states
The Great Debate

19. Select two papers from each site and bring them to class
Select two papers from each site and bring them to class
Read thru them prior to coming to class, be able to discuss the key ideas
Federalist Papers

20. Arguments
First ten
Key amendments
Bill of Rights

21. “Thus I consent, sir, to this Constitution, because I expect no better and because I am not sure that it is not the best . The opinions I have had of its errors I sacrifice to the public good …” Ben Franklin 1787
A New Republic

22. “Our new Constitution is now established, and has an appearance that promises permanency; but in this world nothing can be said to be certain, except death and taxes.”
Ben Franklin
1787
A New Republic

23. “We have given you a Republic
“We have given you a Republic. It remains to be seen if you will be able to retain it.”
Ben Franklin
What was he talking about?  
A New Republic

24. Based on popular sovereignty A representative system Federalism A separation of powers: Legislative, executive, judicial Provided an amendment process
A New Government

25. House of Representatives
*For each branch give requirements for office, term, powers
Three Branches
Executive
Legislative
Judicial
Senate
Supreme Court
House of Representatives
President
V.P. Cabinet

26. The Electoral College
Based on state by state election Electoral vote is determined by: #of representatives + # of senators To win must have a majority of electoral votes Today that means 270 Why would the election be based on this system rather than popular vote nation wide?