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Constitutional Convention The Great Compromise, the 3/5 Compromise and the Commerce Compromise
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The Constitutional Convention Who: Representatives from the states including: George Washington, Benjamin Franklin, and Alexander Hamilton When: May 1787 Where: Philadelphia What: Their original purpose was to revise the AOC’s but they quickly decided to write a new national constitution
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The Constitutional Convention Issues: States representation Slavery Taxes
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The Great Compromise Concerns states representation Virginia Plan: Each state should be represented based on its population New Jersey Plan: Each state should be represented based on equal representation The Great Compromise Solution: A bi-cameral legislature (two houses) House of Representatives: based on population Senate: based on equal representation
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3/5 Compromise Southern states wanted slaves to be counted as part of their population, but Northern states opposed this. The decision would impact how much tax a state paid as well as representation in Congress. The 3/5 Compromise: 3 out of every five slaves would count toward the general population of a state for the purposes of taxation and representation. Congress could not regulate the slave trade for twenty years, until 1808.
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The Commerce Compromise Southern landowners, who sold cash crops to England, did not want taxes on their exports of tobacco and other crops. The Commerce Compromise: no taxes on any exports, but imports could be taxed.
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The New Federal Government Executive, Legislative, and Judicial
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The Preamble Form a more perfect union Establish justice Insure domestic tranquility Provide for the common defense Promote the general welfare Secure the blessings of liberty
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Executive Branch President, Vice- President, and Cabinet Purpose is to enforce the laws President is the Commander-in-Chief of the nation’s army and navy; he can appoint ambassadors, negotiate treaties, and appoint Supreme Court Justices
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Legislative Branch Congress House of Representatives Senate Congress makes the laws, declare war, borrow money, issue money, and regulate commerce (trade) between different states or with foreign countries
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Judicial Branch Supreme Court Makes sure the laws are Constitutional Justices (judges) are appointed for life by the President, with approval from the Senate
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Principles of Government
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Limited Government The belief that the powers of the government should be limited It has no powers other than those granted in the Constitution
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Republicanism A republican form of government-a democratic government chosen by the people. Republic-a government in which decisions are made by elected representatives, not a king.
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Popular Sovereignty People hold the supreme power Powers of the government come from the consent of the governed How do we exercise our power?
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Federalism Government power is divided between the federal government and the state governments
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Separation of Powers To avoid giving too much power to any one person the powers given to the federal government were separated into the three branches This decision was based on the writings of Baron de Montesquieu
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Checks and Balances Each branch can check the other branches to make sure powers are not being abused
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Individual Rights We have rights that are not specifically listed in the Constitution that cannot be taken away
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Amendment Process Allows changes and additions to the Constitution
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